Pulp and paper industry

Paper mill Mondi SCP in Ružomberok, Slovakia.

The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood as raw material and produce pulp, paper, board and other cellulose-based products.

The industry is dominated by North American (United States and Canada), northern European (Finland, Sweden, and North-West Russia) and East Asian countries (such as East Siberian Russia, China, Japan, and South Korea). Australasia and Brazil also have significant pulp and paper enterprises. The United States had been the world's leading producer of paper until it was overtaken by China in 2009.^[1]

The industry is criticized by environmental groups like the Natural Resources Defense Council for unsustainable deforestation and clearcutting of old-growth forest.^[2] The industry trend is to expand globally to countries like Russia, China and Indonesia with low wages and low environmental oversight.^[3] According to Greenpeace, farmers in Central America illegally rip up vast tracts of native forest for cattle and soybean production without any consequences,^[4] and companies who buy timber from private land owners contribute to massive deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest.^[5]

Considering that the pulp and paper industry is a practitioner of nanotechnology,^[6] then it is easily the world's largest.^[7]

List of main countries by production quantity

According to statistic data by RISI, main producing countries of paper and paperboard, not including pulp, in the world are as follows:^[8]

Rank 2011	Country	Production in 2011 (1,000 ton)	Share 2011	Rank 2010	Production in 2010 (1,000 ton)
1	China	99,300	24.9%	1	92,599
2	United States	75,083	18.8%	2	75,849
3	Japan	26,627	6.7%	3	27,288
4	Germany	22,698	5.7%	4	23,122
5	Canada	12,112	3.0%	5	12,787
6	South Korea	11,492	2.9%	8	11,120
7	Finland	11,329	2.8%	6	11,789
8	Sweden	11,298	2.8%	7	11,410
9	Brazil	10,159	2.5%	10	9,796
10	Indonesia	10,035	2.5%	9	9,951
	World Total	398,975	100.0%		394,244

List of main company groups by production quantity

The world's main paper and paperboard company groups are as follows. (Some figures are estimates.):^[9]

Rank	Company Group	Country	Production in 2010 (1,000 ton)	Rank by Sales
1	Asia Pulp and Paper	Indonesia	19,000	1
1	International Paper	United States	11,922	2
2	Stora Enso	Finland	10,812	3
3	UPM	Finland	9,914	7
4	Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget	Sweden	8,948	6
5	Smurfit Kappa Group	Ireland	7,650	9
6	Nippon Paper	Japan	7,292	5
7	Nine Dragons Paper	China	7,280	31
8	Sappi	South Africa	6,900	11
9	Oji Paper	Japan	6,861	4
10	Smurfit-Stone Container	United States	5,896	13
11	Abitibi Bowater	Canada	5,318	20
12	NewPage	United States	4,400	23
13	Norske Skog	Norway	3,998	30
14	Mondi	United Kingdom/ South Africa	3,697	10
15	Temple-Inland	United States	3,660	28
16	Lee & Man Paper	China	3,500	46
17	Domtar	Canada	3,482	15
18	Shandong Chenming Paper Holdings	China	3,350	35
19	Cascades	Canada	3,330	22
20	Siam Cement (SCC)	Thailand	3,191	51

List by net sales

2007

In 2007, the top 10 forest, paper and packaging products companies were:^[10]

Rank	Company	Country	2007 Net Sales (US$M)	2007 Net Income (Loss) (US$M)
1	International Paper	USA	21,890	1,168
2	Stora Enso	Finland	18,322	(291)
3	Kimberly-Clark	USA	18,266	1,822
4	SCA	Sweden	15,675	1,056
5	jk	USA	13,949	462
6	UPM	Finland	13,748	111
7	Oji Paper	Japan	10,439	146
8	Metsäliitto	Finland	10,507	(12)
9	Nippon Unipac	Japan	9,990	195
10	Smurfit Kappa	Ireland	9,963	202

2008

In 2008, the top 10 forest, paper and packaging products companies were:^[11]

Rank	Company	Country	2008 Net Sales (US$M)	2008 Net Income (Loss) (US$M)
1	International Paper	United States	24,829	(1,282)
2	Kimberly-Clark	United States	19,415	1,690
3	SCA	Sweden	16,965	857
4	Stora Enso	Finland	16,227	(991)
5	UPM	Finland	13,920	(263)
6	Oji Paper	Japan	12,788	114
7	Nippon Unipac	Japan	11,753	55
8	Smurfit Kappa	Ireland	10,390	(73)
9	Metsäliitto	Finland	9,335	(313)
10	Mondi Group	UK/ South Africa	9,466	(310)

Leading manufacturers of capital equipment with over $1 billion in annual revenue for the pulp and paper industry include:

References

↑ De Sisti, Mike (12 December 2012). "China's Paper Operation". Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
↑ "NRDC: Paper Industry Laying Waste to North American Forests". www.nrdc.org. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
↑ "A crumpling paper industry". Oregon Local News. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
↑ "Amazon draught speeds up destruction The WE News Archives". www.thewe.cc. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
↑ Phillips, Tom (2011-05-20). "Brazil forms 'crisis cabinet' following unexpected deforestation surge". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
↑ Pira International Ltd. Nanotechnology in Paper Production. iSmithers Rapra Publishing. ISBN 184735811X.
↑ Hubbe, M.A. (2006). "Does production of the world's highest-tonnage manufactured item often involve nanotechnology?". Nanotechnology Perceptions 2 (3): 263–265. ISSN 1660-6795.
↑ "Japan in the World (according to the figure in Annual Review of Global Pulp and Paper Statistics by RISI)" (in Japanese). Japan Paper Association. Retrieved Dec.17, 2011 and Nov.15, 2012. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
↑ "The PPI Top 100 - most companies in the black". RISI. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
↑ "Global Forest, Paper & Packaging Industry Survey: 2008 Edition – Survey of 2007 Results" (pdf). PricewaterhouseCoopers. p. 7. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
↑ "Global Forest, Paper & Packaging Industry Survey: 2009 Edition - Survey of 2008 Results" (pdf). PricewaterhouseCoopers. p. 12. Retrieved 2011-02-24.

External links

Forestry

Outline Index Forest areas Ministries Research institutes Colleges Journals Arbor Day

Types	Agroforestry (dehesa) Analog forestry Bamboo forestry Close to nature forestry Community forestry Ecoforestry Energy forestry Mycoforestry Permaforestry Plantation forestry Social forestry Sustainable forestry Urban forestry World forestry

Ecology and management	Afforestation Arboriculture Controlled burn Dendrology Ecological thinning Even-aged management Fire ecology Forest informatics IPM inventory governance law old-growth pathology protection restoration secondary transition Forest certification ATFS CFS FSC PEFC SFI SmartWood Woodland Carbon Code Growth and yield modelling Horticulture (GM trees) i-Tree Reforestation (urban) Silviculture Sustainable management Tree allometry breeding Tree measurement crown girth height volume

Environmental topics	Acid rain Carbon sequestration Clearcutting Deforestation Ecological services Forest dieback Forest fragmentation High grading Illegal logging Invasive species REDD Shifting cultivation chitemene slash-and-burn slash-and-char svedjebruk Timber recycling Wildfire Wilding

Industries	Coppicing Forest farming Forest gardening Logging Manufacturing lumber plywood pulp and paper sawmilling Products biochar biomass charcoal non-timber palm oil rayon rubber tanbark Rail transport Tree farms (Christmas trees) Wood engineered fuel mahogany teak Woodworking

Occupations	Forester Arborist Bucker Choker setter Ecologist Feller Firefighter handcrew hotshot lookout smokejumper River driver Truck driver Log scaler Lumberjack (urban) Ranger Resin tapper Rubber tapper Shingle weaver Timber cruiser Tree planter Wood process engineer

Forestry portal WikiProject Commons Category by continent by country education events history initiatives lists organizations tools equipment

Paper

History Manufacture/Papermaking

Types	Blotting Bond Construction Cotton Rag Crêpe Display Dó Asphalt Glassine India Korean Kraft Laid Manila Newsprint Oatmeal Onionskin Origami Baking Building Rice Rolling Security Seed Copy Tar Thermal Tissue Tracing Transfer Tree-free Wallpaper Washi Waterproof Wax Wood-free Wove Writing

Materials	Fiber crop Paper chemicals Papyrus Wood pulp Algal bloom (Shiro alga carta)

Specifications	Grammage Density Size Units of paper quantity Surface chemistry of paper Wet strength

Manufacture and process	Bleaching of wood pulp Calender Conical refiner Deinking Paper pollution Environmental impact of paper Hollander beater Kraft process Organosolv Paper cut Paper machine Paper recycling Soda pulping Sulfite process

Industry	Paper industry In Europe In Canada In India In Japan In the United States Paper mill List of paper mills

Category Commons

Major industries

Heavy Light

Activism Aerospace Aircraft Space Agriculture Alcohol Anime Arms Automotive Bicycle Biotechnology Chemical Computer Construction Content Creative Cultural Education Electric power Electronics Semiconductor Energy Renewable energy Entertainment Fashion Film Financial services Fishing Food Bushfood Fur Gaming Online gambling Health care Hospitality Information Language Leisure Manufacturing Meat packing Mineral Motorsport Music Naval stores Payment card Personal care Petroleum Oil shale Pharmaceutical Plastics Poverty Professional audiovisual Professional services Pulp and paper Radio Real estate Housing Online service Security Sex Showbiz Software Sport Textile Tobacco Tourism Video game Water

Lists of countries by industrial output rankings

Metallurgy	Aluminium Al₂O₃ Bauxite Bismuth Copper smelter Gold Iron ore Lithium Magnesium Manganese Platinum Silver Steel Tin Titanium Uranium reserves Zinc

Mineral	Antimony Bentonite Feldspar Fluorite Silicon Salt

Emissions	CO₂ per capita GDP per Greenhouse gas per capita

Others	Manufacturing Cement Motor vehicles Paper Refrigerators Washing machines

List of international rankings List of top international rankings by country Lists by country

Authority control	NDL: 00570392

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Monday, April 25, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.