Kalandia

Kalandia
Other transcription(s)
 • Arabic قلنديا
 • Also spelled Qalandiya (unofficial)

Kalandia refugee camp
Kalandia

Location of Kalandia within the Palestinian Territories

Coordinates: 31°51′47″N 35°12′27″E / 31.86306°N 35.20750°E / 31.86306; 35.20750Coordinates: 31°51′47″N 35°12′27″E / 31.86306°N 35.20750°E / 31.86306; 35.20750
Palestine grid 169/141
Governorate Jerusalem
Government
 • Type Village council
Area
 • Jurisdiction 3,289 dunams (3.3 km2 or 1.3 sq mi)
Population (2006)
 • Jurisdiction 25,595
Name meaning Kulundia, personal name[1]
The barrier in northern Jerusalem, which confines Kalandia village (in the north) to an enclave under Israeli control.

Kalandia (Arabic: قلنديا‎, Hebrew: קלנדיה), also Qalandiya, is a Palestinian village located in the West Bank, between Jerusalem and Ramallah, just west from the Jerusalem municipality boundary. In 2006, 1,154 people were living in the village according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.[2] Kalandia is also the name of a refugee camp, established by UNRWA in 1949. It is located just east from Jerusalem municipality. Kalandia refugee camp was built for Palestinians refugees from Lydda, Ramle and Jerusalem of the 1948 Palestinian exodus.[3]

History

Ancient tombs have been found at Kalandia.[4]

A Byzantine bath has been excavated, and pottery from the same period has also been located there.[5]

During the Crusader period, it was noted that Kalandia was one of 21 villages given by King Godfrey as a fief to the canons of the Holy Sepulchre.[4][6][7][8] In 1151 the Abbot leased the use of the vineyards and orchards of Kalandia to a Nemes the Syrian and his brother Anthony and their children. In return the convent was given a part of the yearly production from these fields.[9] In 1152 Queen Melisende exchanged villagers whom she owned for shops and two moneychanger counters in Jerusalem. All the names of the Kalandia villagers were Christian, which indicate that Kalandia was a Christian village at the time.[10][11]

Ottoman era

Kalandia, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the Ottoman census of 1596, the village, called Qalandiya, was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Al-Quds which was under the administration of the liwa ("district") of Al-Quds. The village had a population of 15 households, all Muslim, and paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, occasional revenues, beehives and/or goats.[12]

In 1863, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he described as small hamlet consisting of a few houses with fig plantations around them,[13] while an Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed 16 houses and a population of 50, though the population count included only the men.[14]

In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described the village as a "small village on a swell, surrounded by olives, with quarries to the west."[15]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qalandieh (Qalandia) had a population of 144, of which 122 Muslims and 22 Jews.[16] This had decreased in the 1931 census when Qalandiya had an all-Muslim population of 120, in 25 houses.[17]

In a survey in 1945, Kalandia had a population of 190 Arabs, and a land area of 3,940 dunams.[18] 427 dunams were designated for plantations and irrigable land, 2,202 for cereals,[19] while six dunams were built-up.[20]

Kalandia airport

Until 1930, Kalandia was the only airport in Mandatory Palestine, although there were several military airfields. Kalandia was used for prominent guests bound for Jerusalem.[21] It opened for regular flights in 1936.[22] After the Six-Day War, it was renamed Atarot Airport by Israel, but closed down due to disturbances related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[23]

1948-1967

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Kalandia came under Jordanian rule.

Kalandia refugee camp

The Kalandia checkpoint between Jerusalem and Ramallah is known for frequent demonstrations against the occupation.[24]

The Qalandia refugee camp was established in 1949 by UNRWA on land leased from Jordan. It covers 353 dunums (0.353 km2; 35.3 ha) as of 2006[25] and has a population of 10,024[26] with 935 structures divided into 8 blocks.[25] Israeli authorities consider it part of Greater Jerusalem, and it remains under their control.[27]

1967-present

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Kalandia has been under Israeli occupation.

Kalandia checkpoint

Kalandia is the main checkpoint between the northern West Bank and Jerusalem. The checkpoint is used by the Israeli military to control Palestinian access to East Jerusalem and Israel. Israel requires Palestinians to have permits to pass through the checkpoint to East Jerusalem and Israel for their work, medical care, education or for religious reasons.[28][29][30] According to B'Tselem, most of the people who use the checkpoint are residents of East Jerusalem separated from the city by the Israeli West Bank barrier.[31]

The Israeli 2013 Qalandia raid led to clashes with local residents, leaving three of Qalandia's inhabitants dead and several critically wounded.[32]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 321
  2. ↑ Projected Mid -Year Population for Jerusalem Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
  3. ↑ Kalandia Refugee Camp
  4. 1 2 Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 11
  5. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, p. 844
  6. ↑ de Roziére, 1849, p. 30: Calandria, p.263: Kalendrie, cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. 16-17, No 74
  7. ↑ Röhricht, 1904, RHH Ad, p. 5, No. 74
  8. ↑ Rey, 1883, p. 387
  9. ↑ de Roziére, 1849, pp. 159-160, cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 67-68, No. 267
  10. ↑ Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 70-71, No 278
  11. ↑ Ellenblum, 2003, pp. 235 -236
  12. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 116
  13. ↑ Guérin, 1868, p. 393, Guérin, 1869, p. 6
  14. ↑ Socin, 1879, p. 155
  15. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 10-11
  16. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 15
  17. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 42
  18. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 58
  19. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 103
  20. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 153
  21. ↑ An Empire in the Holy Land: Historical Geography of the British Administration of Palestine, 1917-1929 Gideon Biger, St. Martin's Press and Magnes Press, New York & Jerusalem, 1994, p. 152
  22. ↑ Atarot and the Fate of the Jerusalem Airport
  23. ↑ Larry Derfner (January 23, 2001). "An Intifada Casualty Named Atarot". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
  24. ↑ Garcia-Navarro, Lourdes (2012-07-26). Latest Target For Palestinians' Protest? Their Leader. NPR, 26 July 2012. Retrieved from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-207480084.html.
  25. 1 2 Kalandia Refugee Camp Profile
  26. ↑ Kalandia Refugee Camp
  27. ↑ United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (date unknown). Where We Work - West Bank - Camp Profiles - Kalandia. "The Israeli authorities consider this area as part of Greater Jerusalem, and the camp was thus excluded from the redeployment phase in 1995. Kalandia camp remains under Israeli control today." Retrieved from http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/camp-profiles?field=12&qt-view__camps__camp_profiles_block=3.
  28. ↑ OCHA Commercial Crossings report of 22 January 2008
  29. ↑ Hubbard, Ben, (Associated Press), "Checkpoint misery epitomizes a Mideast divide", NBC News, February 21, 2010.
  30. ↑ Barahona, Ana (2013). Bearing Witness - Eight weeks in Palestine. London: Metete. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-908099-02-0.
  31. ↑ "Qalandiya Checkpoint, March 2014: An obstacle to normal life". B'Tselem. March 2014.
  32. ↑ Funerals held for three Palestinians shot dead by Israeli troops, The Guardian, Monday 26 August 2013

Bibliography

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Qalandia.

External links

  1. ↑ "Camp Profiles". unrwa.org. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
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