Qayyarah subdistrict

Coordinates: 35°48′00″N 43°17′00″E / 35.80000°N 43.28333°E / 35.80000; 43.28333

Qayyara
القيارة

Districts of Nineveh
Qayyara
Coordinates: 35°48′00″N 43°17′00″E / 35.80000°N 43.28333°E / 35.80000; 43.28333
Country  Iraq
Governorate Nineveh Governorate

Qayyarah or Qayara (Arabic: القيارة‎) is an Iraqi subdistrict located in southern Nineveh Governorate on the west bank of Tigris river. Its seat is the town of Qayyarah. The population in Qayyara subdistrict is primarily Sunni Muslims Arabs, belonging to various tribes but primarily the Jabur. Agriculture is the main source of income, and farmers grow different crops including wheat and watermelons.

The name of the subdistrict derives from the Arabic word for tar.

In June 2014, the subdistrict of Qayyara fell to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

Qayyarah is a rich with natural resources including oil and sulphur.

Qayyarah oil field

Qayyara Oil field is located in Qayyara subdistrict. It holds 800 million barrels of estimated reserves. The field was explored by British Oil development company in 1927, and production commenced during 1930s. Extracted oil is very heavy sour crude (API gravity 15°) therefore the production was in small quantities.[1]

In 2010, the Angolan firm Sonangol agreed with the Iraqi government to develop Qayyara oil field as a joint venture with state-owned North Oil Company. Shares of the consortium divided between 75% shares for Sonangol, and the remaining 25% for Iraq. according to the deal Sonangol would invest $2 billion in return of $5 per barrel. Also, under the terms of the contract, Sonangol will raise the production to 120,000 barrels per day.

Najma field

Najma field is located in Qayyara subdistrict in same structure with Qayyara oil field. The field is 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) long and 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) wide. It was discovered by the British Petroleum Development Company in 1932, but production never took place because the deposit is a kind of sour heavy oil (15 to 20°API gravity) which necessitates an extra cost to lighten the crude oil.

In December 2009, the field was awarded by the Iraqi government to Angolan Sonangol in the second bidding round, when the company was the sole bidder for the contract. Sonangol holds 75% stake, while the remaining portion (25%) went to North Oil Company as secondary partner. Sonangol committed to a production plateau of 110,000 barrels per day, in return for receiving $6 per barrel from the Iraqi government.[2]

Sulphur

The Mishraq sulphur mine contains the world's largest reserves (600 million tons). Mishraq Sulphur State Company was established in 1969, and sulphur production started late in 1971. The Frasch process is the method used to exploit sulphur from underground deposits at depths of 120 metres (390 ft)-200 metres (660 ft). This process depends upon melting underground sulphur by injecting hot water into rock sulphur containing layers using special wells. Then melted sulphur is expelled from those wells with the assistance of compressed air.[3]

Industrial facilities

Based on the natural resources available in Qayyarah, industrial facilities have been built such as the Qayyara refinery and the Qayyara gas power plant.[4][5]

Qayyarah Airfield West

Qayyarah Airfield West (formerly known as Saddam Air base) is located in the west of Qayyara subdistrict, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of Tigris river. It has been a major Iraqi air base and played a key role during the Iran–Iraq War. Qayyarah airfield was built in the 1970s by Yugoslav companies. Formerly it housed the newest Iraqi airplanes: MiG 25s, MiG 27s and French Mirage F1s. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Qayyarra airfield was used as an American base until 2010, when it was turned over to the Iraqi army. [6]

References

  1. ↑ "Qayara oil field - Oil4All". wiki.openoil.net. Retrieved 2015-06-15.
  2. ↑ "Najmah oil field - Oil4All". wiki.openoil.net. Retrieved 2015-06-15.
  3. ↑ "MishraqSulphur". www.mishraq.industry.gov.iq. Retrieved 2015-08-20.
  4. ↑ "IRAQ,TURKEY : Calik to build Qayyara gas power plant in Mosul city. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 2015-08-20.
  5. ↑ "NORTH REFINERIES CO.". www.nrc.oil.gov.iq. Retrieved 2015-08-20.
  6. ↑ Pike, John. "Qayyarah Airfield (West)". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2015-06-15.
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