Quadrature

Quadrature may refer to:

In signal processing:

• Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), a modulation method of using both an (in-phase) carrier wave and a 'quadrature' carrier wave that is 90° out of phase with the main, or in-phase, carrier
• Quadrature phase, oscillations that are said to be in quadrature if they are separated in phase by 90° (π/2, or λ/4)
• Quadrature filter, the analytic signal of a real-valued filter
• Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), a phase-shift keying of using four quadrate points on the constellation diagram, equispaced around a circle

In mathematics:

• Quadrature (mathematics), drawing a square with the same area as a given plane figure (squaring) or computing that area
• Numerical integration is often called 'numerical quadrature' or simply 'quadrature'
• Gaussian quadrature, a special case of numerical integration
• Formerly, a synonym for "integral"
  • Integral
  • Antiderivative

In physics:

• In Optical phase space, quadratures are operators which represent the real and imaginary parts of the complex amplitude; see also in-phase and quadrature components

In astronomy:

• Quadrature (astronomy), the position of a body (moon or planet) such that its elongation is 90° or 270°; i.e. the body-earth-sun angle is 90°

Quadrature may also refer to:

• In motion control, quadrature encoder is a rotary encoder or linear encoder giving both the relative position and the direction of motion of a shaft
• Illusionistic ceiling painting, sometimes called quadrature after the Italian term, quadratura