Quadrilateral space syndrome

Quadrilateral space syndrome or quadrangular space syndrome is a rotator cuff denervation syndrome in which the axillary nerve is compressed at the quadrilateral space of the rotator cuff.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually suspected by clinical history and confirmed by MRI, in which edema of the teres minor is seen, with variable involvement of the deltoid. The circumflex humeral artery may also be compressed. Before the advent of MRI, compression of this vessel on angiography used to be the mechanism of diagnosis, although this is no longer done as it is an invasive procedure.

Atrophy can occur in cases of chronic nerve impingement.[1][2] It can be associated with a glenoid labral cyst, with the cyst also reflecting injury of the glenoid labrum.[3]

Differential diagnosis

Differential considerations include similar rotator cuff denervation syndromes such as Parsonage–Turner syndrome, and compression of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch in which the infraspinatus, and to a lesser degree supraspinatus is involved.

Treatment

Treatment is decompression of the quadrilateral space, with supportive therapy in recalcitrant cases.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Cothran, R. Lee; Helms, Clyde (2005-03-01). "Quadrilateral space syndrome: incidence of imaging findings in a population referred for MRI of the shoulder". AJR. American journal of roentgenology 184 (3): 989–992. doi:10.2214/ajr.184.3.01840989. ISSN 0361-803X. PMID 15728630.
  2. ↑ Brestas, Paraskevas S.; Tsouroulas, Marinos; Nikolakopoulou, Zoi; Malagari, Katerina; Drossos, Charalampos (2006-09-01). "Ultrasound findings of teres minor denervation in suspected quadrilateral space syndrome". Journal of clinical ultrasound: JCU 34 (7): 343–347. doi:10.1002/jcu.20239. ISSN 0091-2751. PMID 16869012.
  3. ↑ Robinson, P.; White, L. M.; Lax, M.; Salonen, D.; Bell, R. S. (2000-10-01). "Quadrilateral space syndrome caused by glenoid labral cyst". AJR. American journal of roentgenology 175 (4): 1103–1105. doi:10.2214/ajr.175.4.1751103. ISSN 0361-803X. PMID 11000173.
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