Quinctia (gens)

The gens Quinctia, sometimes written Quintia, was a patrician family at Rome. Throughout the history of the Republic, its members often held the highest offices of the state, and it produced some men of importance even during the imperial period. For the first forty years after the expulsion of the kings the Quinctii are not mentioned, and the first of the gens who obtained the consulship was Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus in 471 BC; but from that year their name constantly appears in the Fasti.^[1][2][3]

As with other patrician families, in later times there were also plebeian Quinctii. Some of these may have been the descendants of freedmen of the gens, or of patrician Quinctii who had voluntarily gone over to the plebs. There may also have been unrelated persons who happened to share the same nomen.^[4]

It is related that it was the custom in the Quinctia gens for even the women not to wear any ornaments of gold.^[5]

Origin of the gens

The Quinctia gens was one of the Alban houses removed to Rome by Tullus Hostilius, and enrolled by him among the patricians. It was consequently one of the minores gentes. The nomen Quinctius is a patronymic surname based on the praenomen Quintus, which must have belonged to an ancestor of the gens. The spelling Quintius is common in later times, but Quinctius is the ancient and more correct form, which occurs on coins and in the Fasti Capitolini.^[6][7]

Praenomina used by the gens

The main praenomina used by the Quinctii were Lucius and Titus. The family also used the names Caeso, Gaius, Gnaeus, and Quintus. Other praenomina may have been used by the plebeian Quinctii.^[8]

Branches and cognomina of the gens

The three great patrician families of the Quinctia gens bore the cognomina Capitolinus, Cincinnatus, and Flamininus. Besides these we find Quinctii with the surnames Atta, Claudus, Crispinus, Hirpinus, Scapula, and Trogus. A few members of the gens bore no cognomen. The only surname that occurs on coins is that of Crispinus Sulpicianus, which is found on coins struck in the time of Augustus.^[9][10]

The eldest branches of the gens, those that bore the surnames Capitolinus and Cincinnatus, may have sprung from two brothers, Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus, six times consul, and Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, twice dictator, two of the greatest men of their age. The Fasti show that both men were the son and grandson of Lucius, and the two were well acquainted with one another.^[11][12]

The cognomen Capitolinus is derived from the Mons Capitolinus, or Capitoline Hill, one of the famous seven hills of Rome. The agnomen Barbatus of this family means "bearded". The surname Cincinnatus refers to someone with fine, curly hair, as does the agnomen Crispinus, which belonged to the later Capitolini. A few of the Quinctii bear both the surnames Cincinnatus and Capitolinus, and men of both families also bore the cognomen Pennus (sometimes found as Poenus). According to Isidore, this surname had the meaning of "sharp": "pennum antiqui acutum dicebant." Alternately the name could be connected with penna, a feather, or wing.^[13][14][15]

The surname Flamininus is probably derived from flamen, which also gave rise to the gens Flaminia. It may have signified an ancestor who was a flamen, or perhaps the servant of a flamen. This family first appears in history during the Second Punic War, and it remained prominent over the next century.^[16]

Members of the gens

This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.

Quinctii Capitolini

• Titus Quinctius L. f. L. n. Capitolinus Barbatus, consul in 471, 468, 465, 446, 443, and 439 BC.
• Titus Quinctius T. f. L. n. Capitolinus Barbatus, consul in 421 BC.^[17]
• Titus Quinctius T. f. T. n. Capitolinus Barbatus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 405 BC.^[18][19]
• Titus Quinctius (T. f. L. n. Cincinnatus) Capitolinus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 385 BC, and magister equitum in the same year to the dictator Aulus Cornelius Cossus.^[20]
• Titus Quinctius T. f. Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus, dictator in 361 BC, and consul in 354 and 351.
• Gnaeus Quinctius T. f. T. n. Capitolinus, dictator clavi figendi causa in 331 BC.^[21][22][23]
• Titus Quinctius L. f. L. n. Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus, consul in 208 BC, with Marcus Claudius Marcellus, during the Second Punic War; wounded near Tarentum, and died at the close of the year.
• Titus Quinctius T. f. Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus, consul in 9 BC.^[24]

Quinctii Cincinnati

• Lucius Quinctius L. f. L. n. Cincinnatus, consul in 460 BC, and dictator in 458 and 439.
• Caeso Quinctius L. f. L. n. Cincinnatus, son of the dictator, died in exile.
• Lucius Quinctius L. f. L. n. Cincinnatus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 438, 425, and 420 BC, and magister equitum in 437.^[25][26]
• Titus Quinctius L. f. L. n. Cincinnatus Pennus, consul in 431 and 428 BC, and tribunus militum consulari potestate in 426.
• Quintus Quinctius L. f. L. n. Cincinnatus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 415 and 405 BC.^[27][28]
• Titus Quinctius T. f. L. n. Cincinnatus Capitolinus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 388 and 384 BC, and dictator in 380.
• Lucius Quinctius (L. f. L. n.) Cincinnatus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 386, 385, and 377 BC.^[29][30]
• Gaius Quinctius Cincinnatus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 377 BC.^[31]
• Quintus Quinctius Cincinnatus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 369 BC.^[32]
• Titus Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus Capitolinus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 368 BC, and magister equitum in 367.^[33][34]

Quinctii Claudi

• Gnaeus Quinctius Claudus, grandfather of the consul of 271 BC.
• Lucius Quinctius Cn. Claudus, father of the consul of 271 BC.
• Caeso Quinctius L. f. Cn. n. Claudus, consul in 271 BC.^[35][36][37]

Quinctii Flaminini

• Caeso Quinctius Flamininus, one of the duumviri ordered to contract for the building of the temple of Concordia, in 216 BC.^[38]
• Lucius Quinctius Flamininus, created augur in 212 BC.^[39]
• Lucius Quinctius T. f. L. n. Flaminius, a general under his brother, Titus, during the war against Philip of Macedon, and consul in 192 BC.
• Titus Quinctius T. f. L. n. Flamininus, consul in 198 BC, and censor in 189; defeated Philip at the Battle of Cynoscephalae.
• Gaius Quinctius Flamininus, praetor peregrinus in 177 BC.^[40]
• Titus Quinctius T. f. Flamininus, ambassador to Cotys, the King of Thrace, in 167 BC; elected augur the same year.^[41]
• Titus Quinctius T. f. T. n. Flamininus, consul in 150 BC.^[42][43]
• Titus Quinctius T. f. T. n. Flamininus, consul in 123 BC.

Others

• Decimus Quinctius, a man of obscure birth, but great military reputation, commanded the Roman fleet at Tarentum in 210 BC, during the Second Punic War, and was slain in a naval engagement that year.^[44]
• Titus Quinctius Trogus, accused by the quaestor Marcus Sergius.^[45]
• Titus Quinctius Atta, a Roman comic poet, who died in 78 BC.
• Publius Quinctius, defended by Cicero in his first major oration, Pro Quinctio, in 81 BC.^[46]
• Lucius Quinctius, praetor in 67 BC, an opponent of the constitution of Sulla, and a rival of Lucius Licinius Lucullus.
• Titus Quinctius Scapula, a partisan of Gnaeus Pompeius during the Civil War.
• Quinctius Hirpinus, a friend of the poet Quintus Horatius Flaccus.^[47]
• Publius Quinctius Scapula, mentioned by Gaius Plinius as an instance of sudden death.^[48]

See also

• List of Roman gentes

References

1. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
2. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, i. 30.
3. Barthold Georg Niebuhr, History of Rome, ii. 291, 292.
4. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
5. Gaius Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis, xxxiii. 1. s. 6.
6. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
7. George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII (1897).
8. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
9. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
10. Joseph Hilarius Eckhel, Doctrina Numorum Veterum, v. 291.
11. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
12. T. Robert S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic (1952).
13. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
14. D.P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary (1963).
15. Isidorus Hispalensis, Origines, xix. 19.
16. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
17. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, iv. 43.
18. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, iv. 61.
19. Joannes Zonaras, Epitome Historiarum, vii. 20.
20. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, vi. 11.
21. Fasti Capitolini.
22. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, viii. 18.
23. His nomen is given as Quinctilius by Livius, but this seems an error, and Gnaeus was not a praenomen used by the Quinctilii.
24. Fasti Capitolini.
25. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, iv. 16, 17, 35, 44.
26. Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, xii. 38, xii. 81.
27. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, iv. 49, 61.
28. Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, xiii. 34, xiv. 17.
29. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, vi. 6, 32, 33.
30. Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, xv. 25, 28, 61.
31. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, vi. 32.
32. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, vi. 36.
33. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, vi. 38, 42.
34. Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, xv. 78.
35. Fasti Capitolini.
36. Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator, Chronica, 354.
37. T. Robert S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic (1952).
38. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, xxii. 33.
39. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, xxv. 2.
40. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, xli. 12.
41. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, xli. 43, xlv. 42, 44.
42. Marcus Tullius Cicero, Cato Maior de Senectute, 5, Epistulae ad Atticum, xii. 5.
43. Gaius Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis, vii. 36.
44. Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, xxvi. 39.
45. Marcus Terentius Varro, De Lingua Latina libri XXV, vi. 90-92, ed. Müller.
46. Marcus Tullius Cicero, Pro Quinctio.
47. Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Carmina ii. 11, Epistulae, i. 16.
48. Gaius Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis, vii. 53, s. 54.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "^{article name needed}". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.