R. K. Shanmukham Chetty

Sir
Ramasamy Chetty Kandasamy Shanmukham Chetty
KCIE

Shanmukham Chetty in 1947
Minister of Finance
In office
1947–1949
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru
Preceded by Liaquat Ali Khan
Succeeded by John Mathai
Diwan of Cochin kingdom
In office
1935–1941
Monarch Rama Varma XVII
Preceded by C. G. Herbert
Succeeded by A. F. W. Dickinson
President of the Central Legislative Assembly
In office
September 1933 – 1935
Governor-General Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon
Preceded by Sir Muhammad Yakub
Succeeded by Sir Abdur Rahim
Member of the Imperial Legislative Council of India (Central Legislative Assembly)
In office
1924–1935
Governor-General Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading,
E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax,
Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon
Personal details
Born (1892-10-17)17 October 1892
Coimbatore, Madras Presidency
Died 5 March 1953(1953-03-05) (aged 60)
Coimbatore, India
Political party Swaraj Party,
Justice Party
Alma mater Madras Christian College,
Madras Law College
Occupation legislator
Profession lawyer

Sir Ramasamy Chetty Kandasamy Shanmukham Chetty KCIE (17 October 1892 – 5 May 1953) was an Indian lawyer, economist and politician who served as independent India's first finance minister from 1947 to 1949. He also served as President of India's Central Legislative Assembly from 1933 to 1935 and Diwan of Cochin kingdom from 1935 to 1941.

Shanmukham Chetty was born in Coimbatore in 1892 and studied at Madras Christian College and Madras Law College. On completion of his education, Shanmukham Chetty joined politics and served both in the Indian nationalist Swaraj Party as well as the pro-British Justice Party. Shanmukham Chetty was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly of India and served as its Deputy President from 1931 to 1935. On losing the 1935 elections, Chetty returned to South India where he served as Diwan of Cochin kingdom from 1935 to 1941. On India's independence in 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India controversially chose Chetty as his Finance Minister despite the latter's well known pro-British leanings. Shanmukham Chetty died on 3 March 1953.

During his public life, Chetty also identified with a number of social causes. He was a strong supporter of the Tamil Isai Movement. Shanmukham Chetty was the Finance Minister of India when the country's first budget was tabled in Parliament on 26 November 1947.

Early life

Shanmukham Chetty was born to Kandasamy Chetty in Vaaniar Street, Coimbatore on 17 October 1892. Shanmukham Chetty's grandfather Ramasami Chetty had migrated to Coimbatore in the middle of the 19th century. The family was involved in business and owned a number of mills in Coimbatore city.

Shanmukham Chetty had his schooling at Coimbatore. He studied economics at Madras Christian College and graduated in law from Madras Law College. On completion of his graduation, Shanmukham Chetty did not join the bar. Instead, he took care of the family business and after sometime, entered politics.

Early political career

R. K. Shanmukham Chetty in 1924

Shanmukham Chetty joined the Justice Party and became a Councillor in the Coimbatore municipality in 1917.[1] Soon afterwards, he was elected Vice-Chairman of the Coimbatore Municipality.[2] Chetty is credited with having brought about some reforms in the municipal administration.[2]

In 1920, Shanmukham Chetty participated in the Madras Presidency legislative council elections and was elected to the Madras Legislative Council.[3] He served as a member of the Madras Legislative Council from 1920 to 1922, when he resigned.[3] He joined the Swaraj Party and was, in 1924, elected to the Central Legislative Assembly, the newly inaugurated lower house of the Imperial Legislative Council of India.[4] Chetty represented Indian employers at the International Labour Conference in Geneva in 1928, 1929 and 1932.[4] He was the Indian delegate at the Imperial Economic Conference held at Ottawa in 1932.[4]

In 1932, Shanmukhan Chetty was made Deputy-President of the Central Legislative Assembly and in 1934, made President, in succession to Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola.[5][6] Shanmukham Chetty served as President till 1935, when he had to quit his membership of the Central legislative Assembly after losing the 1935 elections.[5]

During his tenure as member of the Central Legislative Assembly, Chetty is believed to have enjoyed the support of Lord Willingdom, who once, even referred to Shanmugham Chetty as his "god-son".[7]

Later political career

Chetty served as Diwan of Cochin from 1935 to 1941.[8] During his tenure, new reforms were brought in the administration of the princely state.[7] Chetty introduced schemes for the improvement of Cochin port.[1] He also tried to do away with Hindu religious superstitions and introduce Periyar's schemes.[1] Chetty returned to Madras in 1941 and was succeeded by E. F. W. Dickinson.

In 1938, Chetty visited Geneva as the Indian delegate to the League of Nations. He was also India's delegate to the World Monetary Conference at Bretton Woods in 1944.[9] During this period, Shanmukham Chetty tried to revive the staggering Justice Party but failed.[9] For a short period, he served as constitutional advisor to the Nawab of Bhopal.[9] He also served as President of the Indian Tariff Board.[9] Due to his pro-British views, Shanmukham Chetty was not included in the Constituent Assembly.[9]

When India got independence on 15 August 1947, he is reported to have said

... we have secured freedom from foreign yoke, mainly through the operation of world events, and partly through a unique act of enlightened self-abnegation on behalf of the erstwhile rulers of the country....

Due to his expertise in economics, Shanmukham Chetty was chosen by the Father of the Nation, Mahathma Gandhi, against the wishes of Jawaharlal Nehru, to be the Finance Minister in independent India's first cabinet.[9] However, due to conflict of views with Nehru, Chetty quit after a short time.[9][10] Shanmukham Chetty is, today, remembered for presenting the first budget of independent India on 26 November 1947.[11]

Chetty returned to state politics and was re-elected to the Madras state legislative assembly in the 1952 elections as an independent candidate.[12]

Death

Shanmukham Chetty suffered a severe heart-attack on 3 May 1953. Though he recovered from the attack, his condition had detiorated. He succumbed to a second attack on the evening of 5 May 1953.[13]

Honours

Chetty was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire on 3 June 1933.[14] He was conferred with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by the Annamalai University. A life size bronze statue of Dr.Chetty was unveiled in the campus of R.K.Sreerangammal Kalvi Nilayam Higher Secondary School, Coimbatore on 6 July 2014.

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 G. Satyamurty (7 January 2009). "A visionary economist, great lawyer, great orator". The Hindu.
  2. 1 2 Patriot, p. 122
  3. 1 2 The collected works of Lala Lajpat Rai, Volume 13. Manohar. 2010. p. 42.
  4. 1 2 3 Sir Raymond Streat (1987). Lancashire and Whitehall: 1931–39. v. 2. 1939–57. Manchester University Press ND. ISBN 0719023904, ISBN 978-0-7190-2390-3.
  5. 1 2 Ramananda Chatterjee (1975). The Modern review, Volume 137. Modern Review Office. p. 213.
  6. ↑ Mohammad Abbas Khan (2006). Indian Political System. Anmol Publications PVT LTD. p. 174. ISBN 8126125632, ISBN 978-81-261-2563-0.
  7. 1 2 Patriot, p. 123
  8. ↑ "List of diwans of Kochin". worldstatesmen.org.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Patriot, p. 124
  10. ↑ S. Muthiah (29 March 2004). "When the postman knocked". The Hindu.
  11. ↑ Bharadwaj. Study Package For Clat. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 248. ISBN 0070699372,ISBN 978-0-07-069937-3.
  12. ↑ "Statistical report on General Election 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madras" (PDF). Election Commission of India.
  13. ↑ "This Day That Age: Shanmukham Chetti dead". The Hindu. 6 May 2003.
  14. ↑ The India Office and Burma Office list, Volume 56. India Office. 1947. p. 108.

References

Further reading

Preceded by
Liaquat Ali Khan		 Finance Minister of India
1947–1949 		Succeeded by
John Mathai
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