NGC 6357

NGC 6357
Emission nebula
H II region
A Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image of Pismis 24-1, the "core" of NGC 6357 Credit: HST/NASA/ESA
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension	17^h 24^m^[1]
Declination	−34° 20′^[1]
Distance	~ 8000^[2] ly
Constellation	Scorpius^[3]

Designations	War and Peace Nebula,^[1] Lobster Nebula ^[4] Sharpless 11, RCW 131, Gum 66

NGC 6357 is a diffuse nebula near NGC 6334 in the constellation Scorpius. The nebula contains many proto-stars shielded by dark disks of gas, and young stars wrapped in expanding "cocoons" or expanding gases surrounding these small stars. It is also known as the Lobster Nebula^[4]^[5] and Madokami Nebula.

This nebula was also given the name War and Peace Nebula by the Midcourse Space Experiment scientists because of its appearance. They said that in infrared images the bright, western part resembles a dove, while the eastern part looks like a skull.^[6]

Pismis 24

Images from the Spitzer Space telescope (red and green) highlight the bubbles in the molecular cloud, while X-ray images from Chandra (blue) reveal clusters of stars.

This nebula includes the open cluster Pismis 24, which is home to several massive stars. One of the brightest stars in the cluster, Pismis 24-1, was thought possibly to be the most massive on record, approaching 300 solar masses, until it was discovered to be a multiple system of at least three stars; component stars would still remain near 100 solar masses each, making them among the more massive stars on record.^[7]^[8]

G353.2+0.7

The young stellar cluster G353.2+0.7 lies east of Pismis 24 and was revealed by a Chandra X-ray image showing approximately 800 stars.^[9]

G353.1+0.36

The young stellar cluster G353.1+0.36 lies southeast of Pismis 24 and also contains approximately 800 stars detected by X-ray.^[9] The region includes several O-type stars, including [BDSB2003] 10.^[10]

Massive Stars

NGC 6357 is one of the most prominent sites of massive-star formation our neighborhood of the Milky Way. A variety of early O-type stars reside in this nebula, blowing the bubbles around the stars clusters that can be seen in the molecular cloud.

Prominent stars in Pismis 24^[11]
Star (Pismis 24-#)	Spectral type	Magnitude (M_bol)	Temperature^[12] (K)	Radius (R_☉)	Mass (M_☉)
1NE	O3.5 If^*	−10.0	42,000	17	74
1SW	O4 III	−9.8	41,500	16	66
2	O5.5 V(f)	−8.9	40,000	12	43
3	O8 V	−7.7	33,400	9	25
10	O9 V	−7.2	31,500	8	20
12	B1 V	−5.3	30,000	4	11
13	O6.5 III((f))	−8.6	35,600	12	35
15	O8 V	−7.8	33,400	10	25
16	O7.5 V	−9.0	34,000	16	38
17	O3.5 III	−10.1	42,700	17	78
18	B0.5 V	−6.4	30,000	6	15
19	B0.5 V	−5.4	30,000	4	11

References

1 2 3 "SIMBAD Astronomical Database". Results for NGC 6357. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
↑ Robert Nemiroff; Jerry Bonnell (21 November 2010). "A Massive Star in NGC 6357". Astronomy Picture of the Day.
↑ R. W. Sinnott, ed. (1988). The Complete New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters by J. L. E. Dreyer. Sky Publishing Corporation and Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-933-34651-4.
1 2 http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/feb/20/lobster-nebula-birthplace-stars-infrared
↑ http://www.space.com/19938-lobster-nebula-seen-with-esos-vista-telescope-space-wallpaper.html
↑ "2MASS Picture of the Week Archive Captions".
↑ "ESA Science & Technology: Star on a Hubble diet NGC 6357". Retrieved 2007-04-11.
↑ NASA: Massive Stars in Open Cluster Pismis 24, 2006
1 2 Townsley, L. K.; et al. (2014). "The Massive Star-Forming Regions Omnibus X-Ray Catalog". Astrophysical Journal Supplement 213 (1): 1. arXiv:1403.2576. Bibcode:2014ApJS..213....1T. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/213/1/1.
↑ Damke, G.; et al. (2006). "The open cluster G353.1+0.7 in NGC6357". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica 26: 180. Bibcode:2006RMxAC..26..180D.
↑ Fang, M.; Van Boekel, R.; King, R. R.; Henning, T.; Bouwman, J.; Doi, Y.; Okamoto, Y. K.; Roccatagliata, V.; Sicilia-Aguilar, A. (2012). "Star formation and disk properties in Pismis 24". Astronomy & Astrophysics 539: A119. arXiv:1201.0833. Bibcode:2012A&A...539A.119F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015914.
↑ Martins, F.; Schaerer, D.; Hillier, D. J. (2005). "A new calibration of stellar parameters of Galactic O stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics 436 (3): 1049. arXiv:astro-ph/0503346. Bibcode:2005A&A...436.1049M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042386.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to NGC 6357.

European Southern Observatory infrared image
Slate blog about the nebula
APOD Pictures:

A Massive Star in NGC 6357 with a close-up of Pismis 24.
Star Forming Region NGC 6357 showing complex interactions between interstellar winds, radiation pressures and magnetic fields.
NGC 6357: Massive Stars
A Massive Star in NGC 6357

Sharpless catalog

Sh2-1 Sh2-2 Sh2-3 Sh2-4 Sh2-5 Sh2-6 Sh2-7 Sh2-8 Sh2-9 Sh2-10 Sh2-11 Sh2-12 Sh2-13 Sh2-14 Sh2-15 Sh2-16 Sh2-17 Sh2-18 Sh2-19 Sh2-20 Sh2-21 Sh2-22 Sh2-23 Sh2-24 Sh2-25 Sh2-26 Sh2-27 Sh2-28 Sh2-29 Sh2-30 Sh2-31 Sh2-32 Sh2-33 Sh2-34 Sh2-35 Sh2-36 Sh2-37 Sh2-38 Sh2-39 Sh2-40 Sh2-41 Sh2-42 Sh2-43 Sh2-44 Sh2-45 Sh2-46 Sh2-47 Sh2-48 Sh2-49 Sh2-50 Sh2-51 Sh2-52 Sh2-53 Sh2-54 Sh2-55 Sh2-56 Sh2-57 Sh2-58 Sh2-59 Sh2-60 Sh2-61 Sh2-62 Sh2-63 Sh2-64 Sh2-65 Sh2-66 Sh2-67 Sh2-68 Sh2-69 Sh2-70 Sh2-71 Sh2-72 Sh2-73 Sh2-74 Sh2-75 Sh2-76 Sh2-77 Sh2-78 Sh2-79 Sh2-80 Sh2-81 Sh2-82 Sh2-83 Sh2-84 Sh2-85 Sh2-86 Sh2-87 Sh2-88 Sh2-89 Sh2-90 Sh2-91 Sh2-92 Sh2-93 Sh2-94 Sh2-95 Sh2-96 Sh2-97 Sh2-98 Sh2-99 Sh2-100 Sh2-101 Sh2-102 Sh2-103 Sh2-104 Sh2-105 Sh2-106 Sh2-107 Sh2-108 Sh2-109 Sh2-110 Sh2-111 Sh2-112 Sh2-113 Sh2-114 Sh2-115 Sh2-116 Sh2-117 Sh2-118 Sh2-119 Sh2-120 Sh2-121 Sh2-122 Sh2-123 Sh2-124 Sh2-125 Sh2-126 Sh2-127 Sh2-128 Sh2-129 Sh2-130 Sh2-131 Sh2-132 Sh2-133 Sh2-134 Sh2-135 Sh2-136 Sh2-137 Sh2-138 Sh2-139 Sh2-140 Sh2-141 Sh2-142 Sh2-143 Sh2-144 Sh2-145 Sh2-146 Sh2-147 Sh2-148 Sh2-149 Sh2-150 Sh2-151 Sh2-152 Sh2-153 Sh2-154 Sh2-155 Sh2-156 Sh2-157 Sh2-158 Sh2-159 Sh2-160 Sh2-161 Sh2-162 Sh2-163 Sh2-164 Sh2-165 Sh2-166 Sh2-167 Sh2-168 Sh2-169 Sh2-170 Sh2-171 Sh2-172 Sh2-173 Sh2-174 Sh2-175 Sh2-176 Sh2-177 Sh2-178 Sh2-179 Sh2-180 Sh2-181 Sh2-182 Sh2-183 Sh2-184 Sh2-185 Sh2-186 Sh2-187 Sh2-188 Sh2-189 Sh2-190 Sh2-191 Sh2-192 Sh2-193 Sh2-194 Sh2-195 Sh2-196 Sh2-197 Sh2-198 Sh2-199 Sh2-201 Sh2-202 Sh2-203 Sh2-204 Sh2-205 Sh2-206 Sh2-207 Sh2-208 Sh2-209 Sh2-210 Sh2-211 Sh2-212 Sh2-213 Sh2-214 Sh2-215 Sh2-216 Sh2-217 Sh2-218 Sh2-219 Sh2-220 Sh2-221 Sh2-222 Sh2-223 Sh2-224 Sh2-225 Sh2-226 Sh2-227 Sh2-228 Sh2-229 Sh2-230 Sh2-231 Sh2-232 Sh2-233 Sh2-234 Sh2-235 Sh2-236 Sh2-237 Sh2-238 Sh2-239 Sh2-240 Sh2-241 Sh2-242 Sh2-243 Sh2-244 Sh2-245 Sh2-246 Sh2-247 Sh2-248 Sh2-249 Sh2-250 Sh2-251 Sh2-252 Sh2-253 Sh2-254 Sh2-255 Sh2-256 Sh2-257 Sh2-258 Sh2-259 Sh2-260 Sh2-261 Sh2-262 Sh2-263 Sh2-264 Sh2-265 Sh2-266 Sh2-267 Sh2-268 Sh2-269 Sh2-270 Sh2-271 Sh2-272 Sh2-273 Sh2-274 Sh2-275 Sh2-276 Sh2-277 Sh2-278 Sh2-279 Sh2-280 Sh2-281 Sh2-282 Sh2-283 Sh2-284 Sh2-285 Sh2-286 Sh2-287 Sh2-288 Sh2-289 Sh2-290 Sh2-291 Sh2-292 Sh2-293 Sh2-294 Sh2-295 Sh2-296 Sh2-297 Sh2-298 Sh2-299 Sh2-301 Sh2-302 Sh2-303 Sh2-304 Sh2-305 Sh2-306 Sh2-307 Sh2-308 Sh2-309 Sh2-310 Sh2-311 Sh2-312 Sh2-313

See also: Gum catalog Nebula RCW Catalogue Stewart Sharpless

RCW Catalogue

RCW 1 RCW 2 RCW 3 RCW 4 RCW 5 RCW 6 RCW 7 RCW 8 RCW 9 RCW 10 RCW 11 RCW 12 RCW 13 RCW 14 RCW 15 RCW 16 RCW 17 RCW 18 RCW 19 RCW 20 RCW 21 RCW 22 RCW 23 RCW 24 RCW 25 RCW 26 RCW 27 RCW 28 RCW 29 RCW 30 RCW 31 RCW 32 RCW 33 RCW 34 RCW 35 RCW 36 RCW 37 RCW 38 RCW 39 RCW 40 RCW 41 RCW 42 RCW 43 RCW 44 RCW 45 RCW 46 RCW 47 RCW 48 RCW 49 RCW 50 RCW 51 RCW 52 RCW 53 RCW 54 RCW 55 RCW 56 RCW 57 RCW 58 RCW 59 RCW 60 RCW 61 RCW 62 RCW 63 RCW 64 RCW 65 RCW 66 RCW 67 RCW 68 RCW 69 RCW 70 RCW 71 RCW 72 RCW 73 RCW 74 RCW 75 RCW 76 RCW 77 RCW 78 RCW 79 RCW 80 RCW 81 RCW 82 RCW 83 RCW 84 RCW 85 RCW 86 RCW 87 RCW 88 RCW 89 RCW 91 RCW 92 RCW 93 RCW 94 RCW 95 RCW 96 RCW 97 RCW 98 RCW 99 RCW 100 RCW 101 RCW 102 RCW 103 RCW 104 RCW 105 RCW 106 RCW 107 RCW 108 RCW 109 RCW 110 RCW 111 RCW 112 RCW 113 RCW 114 RCW 115 RCW 116 RCW 117 RCW 118 RCW 119 RCW 120 RCW 121 RCW 122 RCW 123 RCW 124 RCW 125 RCW 126 RCW 127 RCW 128 RCW 129 RCW 130 RCW 131 RCW 132 RCW 133 RCW 134 RCW 135 RCW 136 RCW 137 RCW 138 RCW 139 RCW 140 RCW 141 RCW 142 RCW 143 RCW 144 RCW 145 RCW 146 RCW 147 RCW 148 RCW 149 RCW 150 RCW 151 RCW 152 RCW 153 RCW 154 RCW 155 RCW 156 RCW 157 RCW 158 RCW 159 RCW 160 RCW 161 RCW 162 RCW 163 RCW 164 RCW 165 RCW 166 RCW 167 RCW 168 RCW 169 RCW 170 RCW 171 RCW 172 RCW 173 RCW 174 RCW 175 RCW 176 RCW 177 RCW 178 RCW 179 RCW 180 RCW 181 RCW 182

See also: Emission nebula H I region H II region

Gum Catalog

Colin Stanley Gum

Gum 1 Gum 2 Gum 3 Gum 4 Gum 5 Gum 6 Gum 7 Gum 8 Gum 9 Gum 10 Gum 12 Gum 13 Gum 14 Gum 15 Gum 16 Gum 17 Gum 18 Gum 19 Gum 20 Gum 21 Gum 22 Gum 23 Gum 24 Gum 25 Gum 26 Gum 27 Gum 28 Gum 29 Gum 30 Gum 31 Gum 32 Gum 33 Gum 34 Gum 35 Gum 36 Gum 37 Gum 38 Gum 39 Gum 40 Gum 41 Gum 42 Gum 43 Gum 44 Gum 45 Gum 46 Gum 47 Gum 48 Gum 49 Gum 50 Gum 51 Gum 52 Gum 53 Gum 54 Gum 55 Gum 56 Gum 57 Gum 58 Gum 59 Gum 60 Gum 61 Gum 62 Gum 63 Gum 64 Gum 65 Gum 66 Gum 67 Gum 68 Gum 69 Gum 70 Gum 71 Gum 72 Gum 73 Gum 74 Gum 75 Gum 76 Gum 77 Gum 78 Gum 79 Gum 80 Gum 81 Gum 82 Gum 83 Gum 84 Gum 85

See also: Gum Nebula

New General Catalogue 6000 to 6499

NGC 6000 NGC 6001 NGC 6002 NGC 6003 NGC 6004 NGC 6005 NGC 6006 NGC 6007 NGC 6008 NGC 6009 NGC 6010 NGC 6011 NGC 6012 NGC 6013 NGC 6014 NGC 6015 NGC 6016 NGC 6017 NGC 6018 NGC 6019 NGC 6020 NGC 6021 NGC 6022 NGC 6023 NGC 6024 NGC 6025 NGC 6026 NGC 6027 NGC 6028 NGC 6029 NGC 6030 NGC 6031 NGC 6032 NGC 6033 NGC 6034 NGC 6035 NGC 6036 NGC 6037 NGC 6038 NGC 6039 NGC 6040 NGC 6041 NGC 6042 NGC 6043 NGC 6044 NGC 6045 NGC 6046 NGC 6047 NGC 6048 NGC 6049 NGC 6050 NGC 6051 NGC 6052 NGC 6053 NGC 6054 NGC 6055 NGC 6056 NGC 6057 NGC 6058 NGC 6059 NGC 6060 NGC 6061 NGC 6062 NGC 6063 NGC 6064 NGC 6065 NGC 6066 NGC 6067 NGC 6068 NGC 6069 NGC 6070 NGC 6071 NGC 6072 NGC 6073 NGC 6074 NGC 6075 NGC 6076 NGC 6077 NGC 6078 NGC 6079 NGC 6080 NGC 6081 NGC 6082 NGC 6083 NGC 6084 NGC 6085 NGC 6086 NGC 6087 NGC 6088 NGC 6089 NGC 6090 NGC 6091 NGC 6092 NGC 6093 NGC 6094 NGC 6095 NGC 6096 NGC 6097 NGC 6098 NGC 6099 NGC 6100 NGC 6101 NGC 6102 NGC 6103 NGC 6104 NGC 6105 NGC 6106 NGC 6107 NGC 6108 NGC 6109 NGC 6110 NGC 6111 NGC 6112 NGC 6113 NGC 6114 NGC 6115 NGC 6116 NGC 6117 NGC 6118 NGC 6119 NGC 6120 NGC 6121 NGC 6122 NGC 6123 NGC 6124 NGC 6125 NGC 6126 NGC 6127 NGC 6128 NGC 6129 NGC 6130 NGC 6131 NGC 6132 NGC 6133 NGC 6134 NGC 6135 NGC 6136 NGC 6137 NGC 6138 NGC 6139 NGC 6140 NGC 6141 NGC 6142 NGC 6143 NGC 6144 NGC 6145 NGC 6146 NGC 6147 NGC 6148 NGC 6149 NGC 6150 NGC 6151 NGC 6152 NGC 6153 NGC 6154 NGC 6155 NGC 6156 NGC 6157 NGC 6158 NGC 6159 NGC 6160 NGC 6161 NGC 6162 NGC 6163 NGC 6164 NGC 6165 NGC 6166 NGC 6167 NGC 6168 NGC 6169 NGC 6170 NGC 6171 NGC 6172 NGC 6173 NGC 6174 NGC 6175 NGC 6176 NGC 6177 NGC 6178 NGC 6179 NGC 6180 NGC 6181 NGC 6182 NGC 6183 NGC 6184 NGC 6185 NGC 6186 NGC 6187 NGC 6188 NGC 6189 NGC 6190 NGC 6191 NGC 6192 NGC 6193 NGC 6194 NGC 6195 NGC 6196 NGC 6197 NGC 6198 NGC 6199 NGC 6200 NGC 6201 NGC 6202 NGC 6203 NGC 6204 NGC 6205 NGC 6206 NGC 6207 NGC 6208 NGC 6209 NGC 6210 NGC 6211 NGC 6212 NGC 6213 NGC 6214 NGC 6215 NGC 6216 NGC 6217 NGC 6218 NGC 6219 NGC 6220 NGC 6221 NGC 6222 NGC 6223 NGC 6224 NGC 6225 NGC 6226 NGC 6227 NGC 6228 NGC 6229 NGC 6230 NGC 6231 NGC 6232 NGC 6233 NGC 6234 NGC 6235 NGC 6236 NGC 6237 NGC 6238 NGC 6239 NGC 6240 NGC 6241 NGC 6242 NGC 6243 NGC 6244 NGC 6245 NGC 6246 NGC 6247 NGC 6248 NGC 6249 NGC 6250 NGC 6251 NGC 6252 NGC 6253 NGC 6254 NGC 6255 NGC 6256 NGC 6257 NGC 6258 NGC 6259 NGC 6260 NGC 6261 NGC 6262 NGC 6263 NGC 6264 NGC 6265 NGC 6266 NGC 6267 NGC 6268 NGC 6269 NGC 6270 NGC 6271 NGC 6272 NGC 6273 NGC 6274 NGC 6275 NGC 6276 NGC 6277 NGC 6278 NGC 6279 NGC 6280 NGC 6281 NGC 6282 NGC 6283 NGC 6284 NGC 6285 NGC 6286 NGC 6287 NGC 6288 NGC 6289 NGC 6290 NGC 6291 NGC 6292 NGC 6293 NGC 6294 NGC 6295 NGC 6296 NGC 6297 NGC 6298 NGC 6299 NGC 6300 NGC 6301 NGC 6302 NGC 6303 NGC 6304 NGC 6305 NGC 6306 NGC 6307 NGC 6308 NGC 6309 NGC 6310 NGC 6311 NGC 6312 NGC 6313 NGC 6314 NGC 6315 NGC 6316 NGC 6317 NGC 6318 NGC 6319 NGC 6320 NGC 6321 NGC 6322 NGC 6323 NGC 6324 NGC 6325 NGC 6326 NGC 6327 NGC 6328 NGC 6329 NGC 6330 NGC 6331 NGC 6332 NGC 6333 NGC 6334 NGC 6335 NGC 6336 NGC 6337 NGC 6338 NGC 6339 NGC 6340 NGC 6341 NGC 6342 NGC 6343 NGC 6344 NGC 6345 NGC 6346 NGC 6347 NGC 6348 NGC 6349 NGC 6350 NGC 6351 NGC 6352 NGC 6353 NGC 6354 NGC 6355 NGC 6356 NGC 6357 NGC 6358 NGC 6359 NGC 6360 NGC 6361 NGC 6362 NGC 6363 NGC 6364 NGC 6365 NGC 6366 NGC 6367 NGC 6368 NGC 6369 NGC 6370 NGC 6371 NGC 6372 NGC 6373 NGC 6374 NGC 6375 NGC 6376 NGC 6377 NGC 6378 NGC 6379 NGC 6380 NGC 6381 NGC 6382 NGC 6383 NGC 6384 NGC 6385 NGC 6386 NGC 6387 NGC 6388 NGC 6389 NGC 6390 NGC 6391 NGC 6392 NGC 6393 NGC 6394 NGC 6395 NGC 6396 NGC 6397 NGC 6398 NGC 6399 NGC 6400 NGC 6401 NGC 6402 NGC 6403 NGC 6404 NGC 6405 NGC 6406 NGC 6407 NGC 6408 NGC 6409 NGC 6410 NGC 6411 NGC 6412 NGC 6413 NGC 6414 NGC 6415 NGC 6416 NGC 6417 NGC 6418 NGC 6419 NGC 6420 NGC 6421 NGC 6422 NGC 6423 NGC 6424 NGC 6425 NGC 6426 NGC 6427 NGC 6428 NGC 6429 NGC 6430 NGC 6431 NGC 6432 NGC 6433 NGC 6434 NGC 6435 NGC 6436 NGC 6437 NGC 6438 NGC 6439 NGC 6440 NGC 6441 NGC 6442 NGC 6443 NGC 6444 NGC 6445 NGC 6446 NGC 6447 NGC 6448 NGC 6449 NGC 6450 NGC 6451 NGC 6452 NGC 6453 NGC 6454 NGC 6455 NGC 6456 NGC 6457 NGC 6458 NGC 6459 NGC 6460 NGC 6461 NGC 6462 NGC 6463 NGC 6464 NGC 6465 NGC 6466 NGC 6467 NGC 6468 NGC 6469 NGC 6470 NGC 6471 NGC 6472 NGC 6473 NGC 6474 NGC 6475 NGC 6476 NGC 6477 NGC 6478 NGC 6479 NGC 6480 NGC 6481 NGC 6482 NGC 6483 NGC 6484 NGC 6485 NGC 6486 NGC 6487 NGC 6488 NGC 6489 NGC 6490 NGC 6491 NGC 6492 NGC 6493 NGC 6494 NGC 6495 NGC 6496 NGC 6497 NGC 6498 NGC 6499

Astronomical catalog List of NGC objects

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