RAF Waddington

RAF Waddington
Near Waddington, Lincolnshire in England

E-3D Sentry

"Your Faith and Freedom"
EGXW
Shown within Lincolnshire
Coordinates 53°10′21″N 000°31′51″W / 53.17250°N 0.53083°W / 53.17250; -0.53083Coordinates: 53°10′21″N 000°31′51″W / 53.17250°N 0.53083°W / 53.17250; -0.53083
Type Royal Air Force station
Site information
Owner Ministry of Defence
Operator Royal Air Force
Website RAF Waddington
Site history
Built 1916 (1916)
In use 1916–1920
1937–present
Garrison information
Current
commander		 Group Captain R P Barrow OBE RAF
Occupants
Airfield information
Identifiers IATA: WTN, ICAO: EGXW
Elevation 70 metres (230 ft) AMSL
Runways
Direction Length and surface
02/20 2,743 metres (8,999 ft) Asphalt

Royal Air Force Waddington or more simply RAF Waddington (IATA: WTN, ICAO: EGXW) is a Royal Air Force station located 4.2 miles (6.8 km) south of Lincoln, Lincolnshire and 13.3 miles (21.4 km) north east of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England. The site is owned by the Ministry of Defence and managed by the RAF. [1]

The station badge depicts Lincoln Cathedral rising through the clouds.[2]

First World War

Waddington opened as a Royal Flying Corps flying training station in 1916 and was transferred to the Royal Air Force on 1 April 1918 operating until 1920, when the station went into care and maintenance.[3]

Squadrons operating during this time:

Inter war period

As part of the pre-war expansion programme the Waddington site was earmarked for development into a fully equipped Bomber Station. As it developed, RAF Waddington made an increasingly dramatic imposition on the surrounding rural landscape[1] such as to the Lincolnshire Edge, a Jurassic limestone ridge, which forms the distinctive backbone of the county from Whitton on the Humber Estuary in the north, down to Grantham in the south. [1] Along the top of the Edge a series of airfields were developed, including RAF Waddington, RAF Cranwell and RAF Scampton. [1] They lie within an open landscape, consisting of rectilinear fields and few boundaries. [1]

Waddington reopened as a bomber base on 12 March 1937,[11] with 50 Squadron (50 Sqn) arriving on the same day with their Hawker Hinds and then adding the Handley Page Hampden.[12] 110 Squadron (110 Sqn) arrived 15 days later initially with the Hind before switching to the Bristol Blenheim I.[13] On 7 June 1937 88 Squadron (88 Sqn) reformed at Waddington with the Hind before moving to RAF Boscombe Down on 17 July 1937.[14] On 16 June 1937 44 Squadron (44 Sqn) moved in from RAF Andover flying the Blenheim I before switching to the Avro Anson I and the Hampden in February 1939.[15] In May 1939 110 Sqn left going to RAF Wattisham[13] and 50 Sqn left the following year being moved to RAF Lindholme.[12]

Second World War

Avro Lancaster of 463 Sqn RAAF in 1944; Lancaster LM130 Nick the Nazi Neutralizer completed 48 missions, before colliding with Hurricane PZ740 from RAF Metheringham on 11 March 1945 over Blankney

RAF Waddington began the war housing the Hampdens of 44 Sqn and 50 Sqn. Both squadrons were in action on the same day as Britain's war declaration, attacking German naval targets at Keil.[16]Waddington squadrons were also involved during the critical stages of the late summer and early autumn of 1940, attacking barges in the channel ports which were being assembled as part of the invasion fleet.[17]

In November 1940 it was the first station to receive the Avro Manchester heavy bomber.[18]

No. 44 Squadron RAF was the first in RAF Bomber Command to fly operationally with the Avro Lancaster on 2 March 1942 from Waddington.[19] BT308, the first prototype Lancaster (or Mk III Manchester), arrived at Waddington in September 1941 for flight tests. Similar to RAF Scampton, the station was part of 5 Group.

44 Sqn left on 31 May 1943 going to RAF Dunholme Lodge.[15]

R5868 S for Sugar at RAF Museum Hendon in December 2003; built at Metropolitan-Vickers on Trafford Park in Manchester in 1942.[20] It was assigned to 83 Sqn at RAF Scampton in June 1942, it was given the squadron code OL-Q (Q-Queenie).[21]It then served with 467 Sqn at RAF Bottesford on the Leicestershire boundary, before transferring with the squadron, being stationed with 467 Squadron RAAF at Waddington from 11 November 1943. It flew 139 missions, the second-most for the RAF of the war; ED888 Mike Squared of 103 Squadron and 576 Sqn at RAF Elsham Wolds flew one more mission

Squadrons operating during this time:

Cold War

In the Cold War, RAF Waddington became an Avro Vulcan V-bomber bomber base, with 83 Sqn being the first in the RAF to receive the Vulcan in May 1957. It continued in this role until 1984 when the last Vulcan squadron, No. 50, disbanded. From 1968, the UK nuclear deterrent was transferred to Polaris submarines, starting with HMS Resolution.

In August 1960, the station developed the sudsmobile technique to lay a 1,000 yd × 30 yd (914 m × 27 m) carpet of foam in around a half-hour for a wheels-up landing. Previously it had taken around three hours to lay a foam carpet on the runway. A Canberra from RAF Wyton landed wheels-up on 23 August 1960, with a Victor managing the same on 5 December 1960.[28]

The fiftieth anniversary of the RAF was celebrated at the base on 1 April 1968, mainly because the RAF's last flying Lancaster was based at the airfield from the mid-1960s until 1970, when moved temporarily to Hendon.

Three newly arrived Vulcans in close formation in 1957

Squadrons operating during this time:

Falklands War

Avro Vulcan Type 698 B2 Bomber XM607 which took part in Operation Black Buck, as part of Operation Corporate. Now preserved as the gate guardian at RAF Waddington.

Operation Black Buck involved aircraft (three) and crews from the base (44 Sqn, 50 Sqn and 101 Sqn) for a bombing raid on Port Stanley airfield. The three Vulcan B2s were twenty-two years old, and were selected for their more powerful Olympus 301 engines. The complicated refuelling plan (14 Victor tankers) was only contemplated due to the belief of Sir Mike Beetham, then Chief of the Air Staff, who had developed the RAF's in-flight refueling capability with Vickers Valiants with 214 Sqn at RAF Marham in 1959. Spare parts for the operation were requisitioned from scrapyards in Newark-on-Trent and military museums. Navigation came from the Delco Carousel inertial navigation system, never used previously by the RAF. 44 Squadron left on 21 December 1982.[15] The K2 Victor tanker aircraft came from 55 Sqn and 57 Sqn at RAF Marham.

Later during 1982, there was a female peace camp outside the base for five months. At the beginning of 1982, the base had been designated to be closed, when the Vulcans would have left.

Tactical Fighter Meet 86 was held at the base in August 1986, which used RAF Spadeadam as a practice target.

Airborne early warning

In the mid-1980s the base became home to a few NATO AWACS aircraft operating from their main base (with eighteen AWACS planes) at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen in North Rhine-Westphalia on the Germany-Dutch border. The RAF used these aircraft until it had bought its own AWACS fleet, which were due to enter service in 1991.

During the 1991 Gulf War, American casualties were ferried through the base to the USAF Nocton Hall military hospital. The Electronic Warfare Operational Support Element (EWOSE - now known as the Air Warfare Centre) moved from RAF Wyton to Waddington in March 1995.

Units

The following units were stationed at Waddington at some point:[34]

Present day

The base is the RAF’s Intelligence Surveillance Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance (ISTAR) hub and is home to a fleet of aircraft composed of Sentry AEW1, Sentinel R1, Shadow R1, RC-135W Rivet Joint and operating base for the RAF's MQ-9 Reaper. The station is also home to No. 34 Expeditionary Air Wing.

There is an outdoor viewing area east of the A15 road close to the northern end of the long runway which was designed to accommodate V bombers. Short-term visits from different NATO and Swiss fighter squadrons, in the past, used to generate occasional additional noise and interest because the airfield was conveniently placed for offshore practice firing ranges above the North Sea. However, with the closure of the aforementioned Air Combat Manoeuvring Instrumentation range these visits have ceased. Waddington also has a very active Force Development ethos, putting emphasis on the development of its busy personnel.

No. 34 Expeditionary Air Wing was formed at Waddington on 1 April 2006 encompassing most of the non-formed unit personnel on station. The EAW does not include the flying units at the station. The station commander is dual-hatted as the commander of the wing.

Amateur Radio licensees are not allowed to operate unattended radio beacon transmitters on 28.000 - 29.700 MHz, 10.000 - 10.125 GHz, 24.000 - 24.050 GHz or 47.000 - 47.200 GHz within 50 km of the Waddington airfield, centred on Ordnance Survey Grid Reference SK 985640.[35]

The Lincolnshire & Nottinghamshire Air Ambulance, now flying its second MD-902 Explorer, began operating from the base in 1994, and continues to be based on station, providing a Helicopter Emergency Medical Service to the Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire public.

RAF Waddington Voluntary Band is one of seven voluntary bands within the RAF and is proud to serve the station and the surrounding areas. Members of the band include RAF personnel as a second duty, dependants, civil servants and local civilians. As part of the station's musical heritage, Pink Floyd performed at the station's Raven Club on 20 April 1968.

Based at RAF Waddington

First British RC-135W arrives at RAF Waddington in November 2013
Raytheon Sentinel of 5 Sqn in 2007; these aircraft are serviced at Hawarden by Raytheon Aircraft Services

The RAF Waddington structure as of October 2014 is as follows:[36]

Former Squadrons

RAF Waddington VC recipients

Squadron Leader John Nettleton

Main article: John Dering Nettleton

On 17 April 1942, Squadron Leader John Nettleton was the leader of one of two formations of six Avro Lancasters from 44 Sqn detailed to deliver a low-level attack in daylight on the diesel engine factory at Augsburg in Southern Germany. The enterprise was daring, the target being of high military importance. To reach it and get back, some 1,000 miles had to be flown over hostile territory.

Soon after crossing into enemy territory his formation was engaged by 25 to 30 fighters. A running fight ensued, one by one the aircraft of his formation were shot down until in the end only his own and one other remained. The fighters were shaken off but the target was still far distant. With great spirit and almost defenceless, he held his two remaining aircraft on their perilous course and after a long and arduous flight, mostly at only 50 feet above the ground, he brought them to Augsburg. Here anti-aircraft fire of great intensity and accuracy was encountered. The two aircraft came low over the roof tops. Though fired at from point blank range, they stayed the course to drop their bombs true on the target. The second aircraft, hit by flak, burst into flames and crash-landed. The leading aircraft, though riddled with holes, flew safely back to base, the only one of the six to return.

Gate guardian

Gate Guardian at RAF Waddington, XM607

The gate guardian at RAF Waddington is Avro Vulcan XM607, one of three Vulcan bombers (XM597, XM598, XM607) which took part in Operation Black Buck raids between April–June 1982. XM607 was stationed at RAF Waddington at the time of the Falklands War and took part in the raids, captained by pilots Flight Lieutenant Martin Withers DFC (on mission 1 and 7) and by Squadron Leader John Reeve (on mission 2).[39] In 1984, along with all other remaining Vulcans, XM607 was retired from active service, and was preserved as the gate guardian at RAF Waddington.[39] In 1993 the only RAF Avro Vulcan bomber maintained by RAF Waddington for flying displays, serialled XH558, was retired due to budget restraints to Bruntingthorpe Aerodrome, Leicestershire. This aircraft returned to display flying following refurbishment and was the only airworthy Avro Vulcan example, operated by the Vulcan to the Sky Trust as a display aircraft, before retiring from flight in October 2015.


Former Station Commanders

F15s (visiting) and Sentry in November 2004

RAF Waddington International Air Show

Waddington International Air Show

Waddington Air Show in 2002 with the Air Warfare Centre in the distance
Genre Air show
Dates July
Venue RAF Waddington
Country U.K.
Established 1995
Attendance 140,000

Inauguration in 1995

The first RAF Waddington International Air Show was staged at RAF Waddington in 1995, after the event was moved down from RAF Finningley - an RAF station located east of Doncaster (now Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield) which was closed down in 1995. Since then the RAF Waddington International Air Show has developed into the largest of all Royal Air Force air shows. It regularly takes place on the first weekend in July, attracting over 140,000 visitors and representatives of Air Forces from all round the world. The main purpose of the show is to raise public awareness and understanding of the RAF and its role today. 85% of all proceeds from the event are distributed to the two main Service charities; the RAF Benevolent Fund and the RAF Association; the remaining 15% is donated to local worthy causes. Since the inaugural year 1995 the Air Show has raised over £2,700,000 for Service and local charities.

2010

Wing walking on a Boeing-Stearman Model 75 in July 2005

The 2010 Air Show took place over the weekend of 3 and 4 July. The main themes being 90 years since the first ever RAF air show, at RAF Hendon, 70th anniversary of the Battle of Britain and 35 years of Airborne Early Warning. The flying display included Vulcan XH558, many regular exhibitors and aircraft but also display teams that had never been to Waddington before, including the Turkish Stars and the Czech Saab JAS 39 Gripen and Alca L-159 display.

2011

The 2011 Air Show took place on 2 and 3 July, with the theme of Air Power - Past, Present and Future. Several indoor and outdoor exhibitions reflected this theme, including a new audio-visual experience in the main exhibition hangar. Visitors learned about the RAF's current operations abroad, the RAF's equipment and the RAF's personnel, devoted to their roles within the Royal Air Force. The USAF Display Team, The Thunderbirds, also took part. Displays included the Red Arrows, Team Viper, Belgian F16 solo, Avro Vulcan XH558 and the Royal Jordanian Falcons as well as many others.

Ground displays included over 100 aircraft, 250 trade stands, two exhibition hangars and the Military Village concept where all services display, the Waddington SERE (Survive, Evade, Resist, Extract) School display with its close RNLI association. Many clubs also featured in the Village demonstrating the diversity of hobbies and interests available to RAF personnel today.

2012

The 2012 (30 June/ 1 July 2012) airshow attracted over 130,000 visitors to RAF Waddington from across the UK and beyond. Celebrating 100 years of the Central Flying School, Combat ISTAR and the Year of Lincolnshire Aviation the airshow had over 210 aircraft on display. Twenty countries took part in the event, with the first appearance in the UK by a RAAF Boeing Wedgetail and the debut appearance in Europe by the Republic of Korea Black Eagles display team. The team took the best flying display award.

2013

Saab J-29 Tunnan, Swedish Air Force. RAF Waddington Airshow 2013

The 2013 airshow was held over 6 and 7 July 2013 at RAF Waddington and celebrated the 95th Anniversary of the Royal Air Force. The airshow also commemorated 70yrs since the historic and daring raids on the German dams of WW2, the 100th Anniversary of RAF Waddington's own 5(AC) Squadron and looked into the secretive world of ISTAR. Over 150,000 visitors attended the show in 2013, making it the biggest and best attended military airshow in the UK. The show featured the only display in the UK by the Turkish Air Forces Solo Türk F-16 demo as well as participation from the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, France, Italy, Jordan, Czech Republic and many more. The show also featured the Saab 37 Viggen.

2014

The RAF Waddington Airshow of 2014 was also widely regarded as a success. Crowds in excess of 135,000 flocked to the base over the two days of the show helping to generate a sum of £260,000 which was in turn donated to Service and local charities.[40]However 2014 was to prove to be the last time an airshow would be staged at RAF Waddington.[41]

The base was earmarked for development, a significant part of which being concerned with the station's runway with work scheduled for 59 weeks. This therefore ruled out an airshow during 2015.

The timing of the works coincided with a review of the base in general, the continuance of the airshow being also part of the review. The outcome was that having weighed up the content of the report, it was decided that: "significant security risks as well as certain operational risks" resulted from the operation of the RAF Waddington Airshow, and therefore the airshow, for the reasons cited, would not be continued with.[42] These security risks have generally centered around RAF Waddington being used as a base for the operation of Reaper drones.[43]

There was strong public objection to the decision regarding the event. A petition numbering 4,262 signatories was gathered with local politicians also campaigning for the retention of the airshow.

In February 2016 it was announced that following an agreement between the Royal Air Force and the Royal Air Force Charitable Trust, the venue of the airshow would switch from RAF Waddington to RAF Scampton, with the hope that the airshow will be resurrected in 2017.[44]

In popular culture

In 2002, the half-hour ITV programme Airbase documented life at the airfield. Elizabeth Simmonds, the Olympic swimmer, trained at the base's pool.

See also

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 http://lincolnshire.moderngov.co.uk/mgAi.aspx?ID=1891
  2. ↑ "RAF Waddington History". Royal Air Force. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
  3. ↑ "RAF Waddington Beginnings". Royal Air Force (RAF). Retrieved 19 October 2008.
  4. 1 2 Jefford 1988, p. 50.
  5. 1 2 Jefford 1988, p. 53.
  6. 1 2 Jefford 1988, p. 54.
  7. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 57.
  8. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 58.
  9. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 32.
  10. 1 2 Jefford 1988, p. 68.
  11. ↑ http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafwaddington/aboutus/history.cfm
  12. 1 2 3 4 Jefford 1988, p. 41.
  13. 1 2 Jefford 1988, p. 55.
  14. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 51.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Jefford 1988, p. 39.
  16. ↑ http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafwaddington/aboutus/history.cfm
  17. ↑ http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafwaddington/aboutus/history.cfm
  18. ↑ http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/bombercommandno207squadron.cfm
  19. ↑ http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/bombercommandno207squadron.cfm
  20. ↑ http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/collections/74-A-12-Avro-Lancaster-R5868.pdf
  21. ↑ http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/collections/74-A-12-Avro-Lancaster-R5868.pdf
  22. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 27.
  23. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 61.
  24. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 69.
  25. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 91.
  26. 1 2 Jefford 1988, p. 94.
  27. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 101.
  28. ↑ "Flight - 16 December 1960 - In Brief". Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
  29. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 28.
  30. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 31.
  31. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 34.
  32. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 43.
  33. ↑ Jefford 1988, p. 44.
  34. ↑ "Waddington". Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  35. ↑ "OFCOM Amateur Radio Licence Section 2 - Terms, conditions and limitations (page 23)" (PDF). OFCOM. p. 22. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
  36. ↑ Air Forces Monthly, April 2008 issue, pp. 44
  37. ↑ "Who Are Sentry Maintenance Squadron?". RAF. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  38. ↑ "RAF Leuchars Bids Farewell To 56 (R) Sqn". RAF. Archived from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  39. 1 2 Brookes, Andrew (2009). Vulcan Units of the Cold War. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 94. ISBN 9781846032974.
  40. ↑ http://www.waddingtonairshow.co.uk/news
  41. ↑ http://www.egxwinfogroup.co.uk/?p=300
  42. ↑ http://www.egxwinfogroup.co.uk/?p=300
  43. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-34389936
  44. ↑ http://www.egxwinfogroup.co.uk/?p=300

Bibliography

External links

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E-3D of 23 Sqn in September 2002; the squadron was disbanded in October 2009 when it amalgamated with 8 Sqn

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