Roboy

Roboy

First presentation in 2013
Inventor Prof. Dr. Rolf Pfeifer, Pascal Kaufmann (University of Zurich)
Country Switzerland
Year of creation 2013
Type Humanoid
Website roboy.org

Roboy is an advanced humanoid robot that was developed at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the University of Zurich, and was publicly presented on March 8, 2013. Originally designed to emulate humans with the future possibility of helping out in daily environments,[1] Roboy is a project that has involved both engineers and scientists. Initiated in 2012 by Pascal Kaufmann, Roboy is the work of engineers who designed him according to design principles developed by Prof. Dr. Rolf Pfeifer, the AI lab director, in conjunction with the assistance of other development partners. Both the team members and the partners of the Roboy project share a commitment toward continued research in the area of soft robotics.[1] Later Roboy was moved to Munich, Germany, where Rafael Hostettler conducts research on it at the Technical University.[2]

History

ECCE Robot

In general, standard humanoid robots mimic the human form, but the mechanisms used in them are very different from those that are in humans. The characteristics of these robots consequently reflect this difference. This places severe limitations on the kinds of interactions standard robots can engage in, the knowledge they can acquire of their environment, and thus on the nature of their cognitive engagement with the environment.[3] Therefore, in 2011, a robotic project was launched in the European Union and it resulted in the development of the ECCE robot. Led by Professor Owen Holland of the University of Sussex,[3] the ECCE project developed a new kind of robot that was modeled after the human anatomy.[3] ECCE stands for Embodied Cognition in a Compliantly Engineered Robot, and the goal of the project was to develop an anthropomimetic robot whose body moves and interacts with the physical world in the same way flesh human bodies do.[4] As athropomimetic, the robot copies not only the outward shape or form of a human body, but also copies the inner structures and mechanisms, such as bones, joints, muscles, and tendons.[1] With these humanlike mechanisms the robot has the potential for human-like action and interaction in the world.

Project objectives:[3]

The ECCE robot became a research platform. It uses many cables with a certain degree of elasticity to act as muscles and tendons.[1] Like in a human body, all of the muscles and tendons need to be coordinated in order to get meaningful movement.[5] To achieve this, there are 45 motors embedded in the robotic body that pull on the cables to make the body move.[1] This allows the robot to have better potential to work in an unstructured human environment than a typical robot.[5] The idea was to outsource the computation for the mechanics of the human body, like using passive compliance to make it absorb the energy in the right way to allow for safe interactions and to store energy in the muscles that can then be released to produce fast movements.[5]

Development

With ECCE as its starting point, Roboy was conceived in 2011 via project coordination between research institutions and industry partners.[6] One of their first breakthroughs was the anthropomorphic tendon-driven arm (ANTHROB), which served as example for how the rest of Roboy's body should function.[6]

At 1.2 m (3.9 ft),[7] Roboy was designed to have the appearance of a child and to one day be used as a helper robot for the sick and elderly.[7] Unlike more traditional robots, which have motors in their joints, Roboy is tendon-driven, allowing for more fluent, human-like movements.[8] The walking movements of humans were acutely studied and then tweaked to result in a walking behavior similar to that of a human being. The anatomy of Roboy is very similar to the human anatomy. The spine consists of many vertebras connected by cords and balls to represent the spinal cord. As for the head and face of Roboy, it was designed completely from scratch and the community on Facebook collaborated to decide which head was the most liked. Further, Brain technology and Artificial Intelligence software which run the brain of Roboy can allow him to blush in certain situations, such as after receiving a compliment or while being hugged.[9][10] In 2013, Roboy was to be presented at the "Robots on Tour" robotic fair that took place in Zurich, Switzerland on March 8. In order to achieve this, the development team had to finish the entire project in 9 months.[1][6] This was made possible by means of crowdfunding.[11] In return, all of the contributors' names were engraved on Roboy itself. The development of Roboy Junior, i.e. mechanic and software, was conducted Open source. Therefore, all the expertise, ideas, and inventions were not provided by just one specific entity so anyone had the chance to contribute to the technology . Today, Roboy Junior is meant to be an initial spark to trigger the work towards a generic anthropomimetic research platform.

Technical Specifications

Degrees of Freedom / Motors

Research collaborations

Myorobotics

There is a close collaboration between Roboy and the ongoing EU Research Project Myorobotics.[6] The “muscles” of Roboy are modular, and replicated throughout his body. Myorobotics is taking this idea further, developing bone and joint modules as well in order to create a robotics toolkit for tendon driven robots that can be designed, simulated, optimized and controlled in one coherent framework.[12]

The Human Brain Project

In the European Union 1 Billion € flagship Human Brain Project, simulated brains are being built. The Roboy team, in close collaboration with the head of the Neurorobotics part of the project, Prof. Alois Knoll from the Technical University of Munich, provides a basis for the robots to be used in the project. Muscolo-skeletal systems are natural partners for brains as they evolved together. Their goals are to find insights on how to control complex soft robots and also to bring virtual brains into physical reality.[6]

The University of Melbourne

The robotics research group at the University of Melbourne has a strong theoretical background in controlling muscle-like tendon-driven systems. In a close collaboration with Dr. Darwin Lau and Dr. Denny Oetomo, the Roboy team provides them with their hardware, while in return their knowledge is being transferred into the software, improving the control and ability of Roboy.[6]

Roboy at school

"Roboy at school" is an initiative of the Roboy team that was founded in order to spark the interest of teenagers in the natural sciences.[13]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Owano, Nancy (31 December 2012). "Zurich AI team plans March delivery for humanoid Roboy". Phys.org. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  2. ↑ }"Rafael Hostettler | Roboy.org". Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "ECCE Robot". Technische Universität München, Department of Informatics, Robotics and Embedded Systems. Technische Universität München. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  4. ↑ "ECCEROBOT". ETF Robotics. ETF Robotics group at School of Electrical Engineering in Belgrade. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 "ECCE Human Robot presented by Hugo Gravato Marques". YouTube. gridtalkproject's channel. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Home". ROBOY. 2013-02-14. Retrieved 2013-10-07.
  7. 1 2 "Roboy, the robotic 'boy' set to help humans with everyday tasks (and scientists hope to build him in just nine months)". Daily Mail. 27 December 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  8. ↑ Warr, Philippa (27 December 2012). "Artificial tendons give natural movement to robot boy" (Technology). Wired.co.uk. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  9. ↑ Hornyak, Tim (19 December 2012). "Swiss aim to birth advanced humanoid in 9 months: Roboy is a tendon-driven robot designed to emulate humans, right down to the gestation period". CNET. CNET. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  10. ↑ Bühler, Urs (28 February 2013). "Die Zangengeburt eines möglichen Stammvaters". Neue Bürcher Zeitung. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  11. ↑ Hoffman, Mark (26 December 2012). "Most advanced humanoid 'Roboy' to be birthed within 9 months by Swiss engineers". SCIENCE WORLD REPORT. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  12. ↑ "About". Myorobotics. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  13. ↑ "Ziemlich genial: Ein Heft über Erfinder und Entdecker". Süddeutsche Zeitung. Süddeutsche Zeitung für Kinder. 10 December 2014.
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