Radical mastectomy

Radical mastectomy
Intervention
Much tissue is removed in a radical mastectomy
ICD-9-CM	85.45
MeSH	D015409

Radical mastectomy is a surgical procedure in which the breast, underlying chest muscle (including pectoralis major and pectoralis minor), and lymph nodes of the axilla are removed as a treatment for breast cancer.

It was developed and first performed by French surgeon Bernard Peyrilhe (1737-1804) in connection with his researches on cancer, although partial or complete breast removal had been done for centuries. The first radical mastectomy in the U.S. was performed at Johns Hopkins Hospital by William Stewart Halsted in 1882. From about 1895 to the mid-1970s about 90% of the women being treated for breast cancer in the U.S. underwent the Halsted radical mastectomy. This is a very morbid disfiguring surgery and is no longer performed except in extreme cases. Prior to 1975, if a woman had a lump in her breast, and the lump proved to be malignant, a radical mastectomy was performed immediately, in the belief that it was necessary to prevent the further spread of the cancer. If the lymph nodes tested benign, the surgery was considered successful. The operation was very stressful for women, because, in many cases, they would go under anesthesia not knowing whether a suspicious lump was malignant or not and wake up to find that a radical mastectomy had been performed.

Today, there are three main categories of mastectomy:

Total (simple) mastectomy
Modified radical mastectomy
Partial mastectomy

Operations/surgeries and other procedures of the breast (ICD-9-CM V3 85, ICD-10-PCS 0H)

Breast surgery	Breast-conserving surgery Lumpectomy Mastectomy Radical mastectomy Mammoplasty Breast implant Breast reduction plasty Mastopexy Breast reconstruction Breast biopsy Fine-needle aspiration Interventions on the Lactiferous ducts Ductal lavage Ductoscopy Microdochectomy Central duct excision

Breast imaging	Mammography Positron emission mammography Tomosynthesis Xeromammography Galactography Breast MRI Breast ultrasound Automated whole-breast ultrasound Scintimammography Tactile imaging

Other	Breast cancer screening Breast self-examination

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