D. Randy Garrison

Donn Randy Garrison (born 1945) worked as a professor at the University of Calgary. He is the author of several books, articles and papers. Garrison has published extensive material on distance education.^[1]

Garrison is a holder of a B. Ed in Mathematics with a minor in Psychology. In 1972, He did his Master of Education in Computer Application in Education at the University of Calgary in Alberta Canada. He received an award for most outstanding achievement from the Sloan Consortium in 2009.^[2]

Research

• The focus of Garrison’s work has been on distance education and its relationship with teaching, learning and the communication process between instructors and learners.
• Garrison believed that at the start of the 21st century, distance education focus has been on interaction and communication.
• By understanding the relationship between distance education, interaction and communication, instructors, course coordinators and educators will be able to better meet the needs of the learners. He advocated that it can make the learning process better for learners.
• Garrison believed that the communication between teacher and learner is very important in distance education.
• He proposed that distance education is based on interactions and transactions.
• Interaction increases achievement outcomes. Student- Student, Teacher-Student interaction.

Books

1. Garrison, D. R. (1989). Understanding distance education: A framework for the future. London: Routledge.
2. Garrison, D. R. & Shale, D. (Eds.). (1990). Education at a distance: From issues to practice. Melbourne, Florida: Krieger.
3. Garrison, D. R. (Ed.) (1994). Research perspectives in adult education. Melbourne, Florida: Krieger.
4. Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (2000). A transactional perspective on teaching-learning: A framework for adult and higher education. Oxford, UK: Pergamon.
5. Garrison, D. R., & Anderson, T. (2003). E-Learning in the 21st century: A framework for research and practice. London: Routledge/Falmer.
6. Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. (2008). Blended learning in higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
7. Cleveland-Innes, M., & Garrison, D. R. (Eds.) (2010). An introduction to distance education: Understanding teaching and learning in a new era. London: Routledge.
8. Garrison, D. R. (2011). E-Learning in the 21st century: A framework for research and practice (2nd ed.). London: Routledge/Taylor and Francis.
9. Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (Eds.) (2013). Educational communities of inquiry: Theoretical framework, research and practice. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
10. Vaughan, N. D., Cleveland-Innes, M., & Garrison, D. R. (2013). Teaching in blended learning environments: Creating and sustaining communities of inquiry. Athabasca, Athabasca University Press.
11. Garrison, D. R. (in development). Thinking Collaboratively: Learning in a Community of Inquiry. London: Routledge/Taylor and Francis.

References

Amundsen, C. (1993). The evolution of theory in distance education. In Keegan, D. (Ed.). Theoretical principles of distance education: 61-79. London: Routledge.</ref>^{[3][4][5][6][7][8]}; -webkit-column-width: ^{[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]}; column-width: ^{[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]}; list-style-type: decimal;">

1. Parry, Marc (10 October 2010). "Will Technology Kill the Academic Calendar?". Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
2. "Online learning pioneer honoured". UToday. 9 October 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
3. Birochi, R., & Pozzebon, M. (2011). Theorizing in distance education: The critical quest for conceptual foundations. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 7(4)
4. Garrison, D. R. ( 1985). Three generations of technological innovations in distance education. Distance Education , 6, 235-241.
5. Garrison, D. R. (1989). Understanding distance education. New York: Routledge,.
6. Garrison, D. R. (1993). Quality and access in distance education: Theoretical considerations. In Keegan, D. (Ed.). Theoretical principles of distance education : 9-21. London and New York: Routledge.
7. Garrison, D. R., & Baynton, M. (1987). Beyond independence in distance education: The concept of control. The American Journal of Distance Education, 1(3), 3-15.
8. Moore, M. (1990). Distance education theory. The American Journal of Distance Education ,5(3) , 10-15.
9. Amundsen, C. (1993). The evolution of theory in distance education. In Keegan, D. (Ed.). Theoretical principles of distance education: 61-79. London: Routledge.
10. Birochi, R., & Pozzebon, M. (2011). Theorizing in distance education: The critical quest for conceptual foundations. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 7(4)
11. Garrison, D. R. ( 1985). Three generations of technological innovations in distance education. Distance Education , 6, 235-241.
12. Garrison, D. R. (1989). Understanding distance education. New York: Routledge,.
13. Garrison, D. R. (1993). Quality and access in distance education: Theoretical considerations. In Keegan, D. (Ed.). Theoretical principles of distance education : 9-21. London and New York: Routledge.
14. Garrison, D. R., & Baynton, M. (1987). Beyond independence in distance education: The concept of control. The American Journal of Distance Education, 1(3), 3-15.
15. Moore, M. (1990). Distance education theory. The American Journal of Distance Education ,5(3) , 10-15.
16. Amundsen, C. (1993). The evolution of theory in distance education. In Keegan, D. (Ed.). Theoretical principles of distance education: 61-79. London: Routledge.
17. Birochi, R., & Pozzebon, M. (2011). Theorizing in distance education: The critical quest for conceptual foundations. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 7(4)
18. Garrison, D. R. ( 1985). Three generations of technological innovations in distance education. Distance Education , 6, 235-241.
19. Garrison, D. R. (1989). Understanding distance education. New York: Routledge,.
20. Garrison, D. R. (1993). Quality and access in distance education: Theoretical considerations. In Keegan, D. (Ed.). Theoretical principles of distance education : 9-21. London and New York: Routledge.
21. Garrison, D. R., & Baynton, M. (1987). Beyond independence in distance education: The concept of control. The American Journal of Distance Education, 1(3), 3-15.
22. Moore, M. (1990). Distance education theory. The American Journal of Distance Education ,5(3) , 10-15.