Rangwapithecus
| Rangwapithecus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Jaw of Rangwapithecus gordoni | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Superfamily: | Hominoidea |
| Family: | Hominidae |
| Genus: | †Rangwapithecus |
Rangwapithecus is an extinct Late Miocene genus of ape.[1]
Description
Rangwapithecus weighted approximately 15 kg (33 lb) and the size and shape of ape's teeth indicate that it was folivore.[2] An ape from the earliest Miocene that was[3] arboreal and therefore adapted to forest-dwelling, associated particularly with Mfangano Island, living in rainforest (Andrews,Kelley 2007).[4] although previously, lived within habitat of woodland-bushland.[5]
Taxonomy
Sympatric with Prosonsul, both classified within Proconsulidae[6] perhaps is same as classification Proconsul gordoni and Proconsul vancouveringi.[7] Is similar to another species found in Africa.[8]
Rangwapithecus gordoni and P. africanus are similarly sized although differing morphologically, and both restricted to Koru and Songhur.[9] Has had previous re-classification,[10][11] Seems probable classified currently as ancestor of orangutan rather than earlier ancestor of Hominid.[12][13][14] Considered the same as Sivapithecus.[15]
Notes
- ↑ Begun 1988
- ↑ Fleagle 1999, p. 462
- ↑ Lyell 1833, p. 343
- ↑ Andrews & Kelley 2007, Abstract
- ↑ Andrews & Evans 1979
- ↑ Cameron 2004, p. 62
- ↑ Tuttle 1986, p. 28
- ↑ Leakey & Leakey 1987, Abstract
- ↑ Andrews 2000, p. 356
- ↑ Tuttle 2006, p. 23
- ↑ Greenfield 1979
- ↑ "Was Ramapithecus one of the earliest humans?". Discovery Channel. Retrieved December 2011.
- ↑ Andrews & Cronin 1982
- ↑ Schwartz 1984
- ↑ Greenfield 1987
References
- Andrews, Peter (May 2000). "Evolution and Environment in the Hominoidea". In Gee, H. Shaking the tree: readings from Nature in the history of life. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-28497-2. Retrieved December 2011.
- Andrews, P; Cronin, JE (1982). "The relationships of Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and the evolution of the orang-utan". Nature 297 (5867): 541–6. doi:10.1038/297541a0. PMID 7045678.
- Andrews, P.; Evans, E. N. (1979). "The Environment of Ramapithecus in Africa". Paleobiology 5 (1): 22–30. JSTOR 2400387.
- Andrews, Peter; Kelley, Jay (2007). "Middle Miocene Dispersals of Apes". Folia Primatologica 78 (5–6): 328–43. doi:10.1159/000105148. PMID 17855786.
- Begun, David R. (1988). "Catarrhine phalanges from the Late Miocene (Vallesian) of Rudabánya, Hungary" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution 17 (4): 413–37. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(88)90030-9. Retrieved December 2012.
- Cameron, D. W. (2004). Hominid adaptations and extinctions. UNSW Press. ISBN 9780868407166. Retrieved December 2011.
- Fleagle, JG (1999). Primate adaptation and evolution. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-260341-9. Retrieved December 2011.
- Greenfield, Leonard Owen (1979). "On the adaptive pattern of "Ramapithecus"". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 50 (4): 527–48. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330500406. PMID 111557.
- Greenfield, L. O. (1987). "A Late Divergence Hypothesis". In Ciochon, Russell L.; Fleagle, John G. Primate evolution and human origins. Evolutionary Foundations of Human Behavior Series. Transaction Publishers. p. 222. ISBN 9780202011752. Retrieved December 2011.
- Leakey, R.E.; Leakey, M.G. (1987). "A new Miocene small-bodied ape from Kenya". Journal of Human Evolution 16 (4): 369–87. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(87)90067-4.
- Lyell, C (1833). Principles of geology: being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation, Volume 3. J. Murray. Retrieved November 2011.
- Schwartz, JH (1984). "The evolutionary relationships of man and orang-utans". Nature 308 (5959): 501–5. doi:10.1038/308501a0. PMID 6424028.
- Tuttle, R. (1986). Apes of the world: their social behavior, communication, mentality, and ecology. Noyes Publ. p. 28. ISBN 9780815511045. Retrieved December 2011.
- Tuttle, Russell H. (2006). "Seven Decades of East African Miocene Anthropoid Studies". In Ishida, Hidemi; Tuttle, Russell; Pickford, Martin; Ogihara, Naomichi; Nakatsukasa, Masato. Human origins and environmental backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Birkhäuser. pp. 15–29. ISBN 0387296387. Retrieved December 2011.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rangwapithecus. |
- Wolpoff, M. H.; De Bonis, L.; Fleagle, J. G.; Frayer, D. W.; Greenfield, L. O.; Jacobs, K. H.; Protsch, R.; Rightmire, P. G.; Sarich, V. (1982). "Ramapithecus and Hominid Origins [and Comments and Reply]". Current Anthropology 23 (5): 501–522. doi:10.1086/202893. JSTOR 2742391.