Maldeo Rathore
| Maldeo Rathore | |
|---|---|
 Rao Maldeo Ji Rathore | |
| Ruler of Marwar (now Jodhpur) | |
| Reign | 1531 - 7 November 1562 |
| Predecessor | Rao Ganga |
| Successor | Chandrasen |
| Issue |
Ram Singh Chandrasen |
| Father | Rao Ganga |
| Mother | Rani Padmavati |
Rao Maldeo Ji Rathore (b.1511 - November 7, 1562) was an Indian ruler of Marwar, which was later known as Jodhpur (in the present day Rajasthan state of India). He was a scion of the Rathore clan. His father was Rao GangaJi and his mother was Rani Padmavati of Sirohi. Maldeo refused to ally with either the Sur Empire or the Mughal Empire after Humayun regained control of north India in 1555. This policy was continued by his son and successor Chandrasen Rathore.[1]
The then Muslim historian Ferishta calls him as the "most Potent Ruler of Hindustan".[2]
The reign
The period of Rao MaldeoJi's reign was marked by the paucity of a dominant power in northern India. He had made the wall of Jodhpur city. In 1540, Humayun fled into exile after being displaced by Sher Shah Suri as ruler of the Delhi sultanate. The Sisodia rulers of Mewar were yet to recover from their defeat at Khanwa in 1527. Maldeo used the opportunity to extend his territory. He annexed Merta, Jaitaran, Siwana, Jalor, Tonk, Nagaur and Ajmer. By regaining the territories of jalor and Nagaur from Afghan occupation, Maldeo Rathore restored Hindu rule in the area and abolished the Jizya tax there.[3]In 1542, Maldeo Rathore besieged, took, and plundered Jhalor, and, in the next year (1543), took plundered Sachor. His boundary at Jhajhar was only about fifty kilometers from Delhi.[4] Conflict between Maldeo and Suri became inevitable.
Battle of Sammel and its aftermath
In 1543, Sher Shah Suri set out against Marwar with a huge force of 80,000 cavalry. With an army of 50,000 cavalry, Maldeo advanced to face Sher Shah's army. Instead of marching to the enemy's capital Sher Shah halted in the village of Sammel in the pargana of Jaitaran, ninety kilometers east of Jodhpur. After one month, Sher Shah's position became critical owing to the difficulties of food supplies for his huge army. To resolve this situation, Sher Shah resorted to a cunning ploy. One evening, he dropped forged letters near the Maldeo's camp in such a way that they were sure to be intercepted. These letters indicated, falsely, that some of Maldeo's army commanders were promising assistance to Sher Shah. This caused great consternation to Maldeo, who immediately (and wrongly) suspected his commanders of disloyalty. Maldeo left for Jodhpur[4] with his own men, abandoning his commanders to their fate.
After that Maldeo's innocent Chief Generals Shri Rao JaitaJi and Deputy General Shru Rao Kumpa ji fought bravely with 20,000 men against an enemy force of 80,000 men. In the ensuing battle of Sammel (also known as battle of Giri Sumel), Sher Shah emerged victorious, but several of his generals lost their lives and his army suffered heavy losses. Sher Shah is said to have commented that "for a few grains of bajra (millet, which is the main crop of barren Marwar) I almost lost the entire kingdom of Hindustan."[5]
After this victory, Sher Shah's general Khavass Khan took possession of Jodhpur and occupied the territory of Marwar from Ajmer to Mount Abu in 1544.[4] But by July, Maldeo reoccupied his lost territories.[5]
The succession
After his death on November 7, 1562, a fratricidal contest began for the throne of Marwar and finally his third son, Chandrasen crowned himself in Jodhpur. But his reign was very short-lived as Akbar occupied Merta in 1562 and occupied Jodhpur in 1563.[6]
| Preceded by Rao Ganga |
Rulers of Marwar (Jodhpur) The Rathore Dynasty 1532 - 1562 |
Succeeded by Rao Chandra Sen |
Notes
- ↑ Bose, Melia Belli (2015). Royal Umbrellas of Stone: Memory, Politics, and Public Identity in Rajput Funerary Art. BRILL. p. 150. ISBN 978-9-00430-056-9.
- ↑ Somerset Playne, R. V. Solomon, J. W. Bond, Arnold Wright (2006). "Indian states: a biographical, historical, and administrative survey", Delhi: Asian Educational Services, p. 196
- ↑ Bose, Melia Belli (2015). Royal Umbrellas of Stone: Memory, Politics, and Public Identity in Rajput Funerary Art. BRILL. p. 150. ISBN 978-9-00430-056-9.
- 1 2 3 Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Mughul Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 81-2
- 1 2 Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). History of Medieval India, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0364-5, p.43
- ↑ Sarkar, J.N. (1984, reprint 1994). A History of Jaipur, New Delhi: Orient Longman, ISBN 81-250-0333-9, p. 41
References
- Adams, Archibald (1899). The Western Rajputana States: A Medico-topographical and General. Original from the New York Public Library: Junior army & navy stores, limited. p. 63.