Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona

Ramon Berenguer III
Statue of Ramon Berenguer III by Josep Llimona
Count of Barcelona
Reign	1086–1131
Predecessor	Berenguer Ramon II
Successor	Ramon Berenguer IV
Spouse(s)	María Rodríguez de Vivar Almodis Douce of Provence
Noble family	Barcelona
Father	Ramon Berenguer II
Mother	Matilda of Apulia
Born	11 November 1082 Rodez, Viscounty of Rodez
Died	23 January/19 July 1131 Barcelona
Buried	Santa Maria de Ripoll
Signature
Religion	Roman Catholic

Ramon Berenguer III the Great was the count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 1086 (jointly with Berenguer Ramon II and solely from 1097), Besalú from 1111, Cerdanya from 1117, and count of Provence in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1112, all until his death in Barcelona in 1131. As Ramon Berenguer I, he was Count of Provence from 1112 in right of his wife.

Biography

Born on 11 November 1082 in Rodez, Viscounty of Rodez, County of Toulouse, Francia, he was the son of Ramon Berenguer II. He succeeded his father to co-rule with his uncle Berenguer Ramon II. He became the sole ruler in 1097, when Berenguer Ramon II was forced into exile.

During his rule Catalan interests were extended on both sides of the Pyrenees. By marriage or vassalage he incorporated into his realm almost all of the Catalan counties (except Urgell and Peralada). He inherited the counties of Besalú (1111) and Cerdanya (1117) and in between married Douce, heiress of Provence (1112). His dominions then stretched as far east as Nice.

In alliance with the Count of Urgell, Ramon Berenguer conquered Barbastro and Balaguer. He also established relations with the Italian maritime republics of Pisa and Genoa, and in 1114 and 1115 attacked with Pisa the then-Muslim islands of Majorca and Ibiza.^[1] They became his tributaries and many Christian slaves there were recovered and set free. Ramon Berenguer also raided mainland Muslim dependencies with Pisa's help, such as Valencia, Lleida and Tortosa. In 1116, Ramon traveled to Rome to petition Pope Paschal II for a crusade to liberate Tarragona.^[2] By 1118 he had captured and rebuilt Tarragona, which became the metropolitan seat of the church in Catalonia (before that, Catalans had depended ecclesiastically on the archbishopric of Narbonne).

In 1127, Ramon Berenguer signed a commercial treaty with the Genoese.^[3] Toward the end of his life he became a Templar.^[4] He gave his five Catalonian counties to his eldest son Ramon Berenguer IV and Provence to the younger son Berenguer Ramon.

He died on 23 January/19 July 1131 and was buried in the Santa Maria de Ripoll monastery.

Marriages and descendants

• First wife, María Rodríguez de Vivar, second daughter of El Cid (died ca. 1105)
  • María, married Bernat III, Count of Besalú (died 1111)
  • Jimena, also known as Eixemena, married Roger III, Count of Foix
• Second wife, Almodis
• Third wife, Douce or Dolça de Gévaudaun, heiress of Provence (died ca. 1127)
  • Almodis, married Ponce de Cervera, mother of Agalbursa, who married Barisone II of Arborea
  • Berenguela or Berengaria (1116–1149), married Alfonso VII of Castile
  • Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona (1113/1114–1162) married Petronilla of Aragon
  • Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Provence (ca. 1115–1144)
  • Bernat, died young

References

1. Bernard F. Reilly, The Contest Christian and Muslim Spain:1031-1157, (Blackwell Publishing, 1995), 176.
2. Bernard F. Reilly, The Contest Christian and Muslim Spain:1031-1157, 177.
3. Phillips, Jonathan P. (2007). The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom. Yale University Press. p. 254. ISBN 978-0300112740.
4. Helen Nicholson, A Brief History of the Knights Templar, (Constable & Robinson Ltd., 2010), 102.