Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse

Raymond VII

Raymond VII of Saint-Gilles (July 1197 – 27 September 1249) was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence from 1222 until his death.

Raymond VII

Family and marriages

Raymond was born at the Château de Beaucaire in Beaucaire, Province of Languedoc, the son of Raymond VI of Toulouse^[1] and Joan of England. Through his mother, he was a grandson of Henry II of England and a nephew of kings Richard I and John of England.

Raymond VII married firstly, in March 1211, Sancha of Aragon, the daughter of King Alfonso II of Aragon.^[1] They had one daughter, Joan, and were divorced in 1241.^[2] He was engaged to Sanchia of Provence, but she married Richard of Cornwall instead.^[2] In 1243 Raymond married Margaret of Lusignan, the daughter of Hugh X of Lusignan and Isabella of Angoulême. They had no children and the Council of Lyons in 1245 granted Raymond a divorce.^[3] He then tried to get support of Blanche, Queen mother of France to marry Beatrice of Provence, who had just become Countess of Provence, but Beatrice married Blanche's son Charles instead.

Life

During the Albigensian Crusade in May 1216, he set out from Marseille and besieged Beaucaire, which he captured on 24 August. He fought to reconquer the county of Toulouse from Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester and later Simon's son Amaury VI of Montfort.

He succeeded his father in 1222. At the moment of his accession, he and the new count of Foix, Roger Bernard II the Great, besieged Carcassonne. On 14 September 1224, the Albigensian Crusaders surrendered and the war came to an end, each southern lord making peace with the church. However, in 1225, the council of Bourges excommunicated him and launched a crusade against him, the king of France, Louis VIII, called the Lion, wanting to renew the conflict in order to enforce his royal rights in Languedoc. Roger-Bernard tried to keep the peace, but the king rejected his embassy and the counts of Foix and Toulouse took up arms again. The war was largely a discontinuous series of skirmishes and, in January 1229, Raymond, defeated, was forced to sign the Treaty of Paris (also known as the "Treaty of Meaux"), by which he ceded the former viscounty of Trencavel to the king and his daughter Joan was forced to marry Alphonse, brother of the new king, Louis the Lion's successor, Louis IX.

When Raymond died, Alphonse became count of Toulouse, and after Alphonse's death the county was annexed by France. Raymond VII was buried beside his mother Joan in Fontevrault Abbey.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse

16. Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse               8. Alphonse I of Toulouse                       17. Elvira of Castile               4. Raymond V, Count of Toulouse                             2. Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse                                   20. Philip I of France               10. Louis VI of France                       21. Bertha of Holland               5. Constance of France                             22. Humbert II of Savoy               11. Adélaide de Maurienne                       23. Gisela of Burgundy               1. Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse                                         24. Fulk V of Anjou               12. Geoffrey V of Anjou                       25. Ermengarde of Maine               6. Henry II of England                             26. Henry I of England               13. Empress Matilda                       27. Matilda of Scotland               3. Joan of England                                   28. William IX of Aquitaine               14. William X of Aquitaine                       29. Philippa of Toulouse               7. Eleanor of Aquitaine                             30. Aimery I of Châttellerault               15. Aenor de Châtellerault                       31. Dangereuse de L' Isle Bouchard

Notes

1. A History of the Crusades, Vol. II, 291.
2. Damian J. Smith, 61.
3. Björn K. U. Weiler and Ifor Rowlands, 95.

Sources

• A History of the Crusades, Vol. II, ed. Robert Lee Wolff and Harry W. Hazard, The University of Wisconsin Press, 1975.
• Macé, Laurent. "Raymond VII of Toulouse: The Son of Queen Joanne, 'Young Count' and Light of the World." The World of Eleanor of Aquitaine: Literature and Society in Southern France between the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries, edd. Marcus Bull and Catherine Léglu. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2005. ISBN 1-84383-114-7.
• Damian J. Smith, Crusade, Heresy and Inquisition in the Lands of the Crown of Aragon:(c.1167-1276), Brill, 2010.
• Björn K. U. Weiler and Ifor Rowlands, England and Europe in the Reign of Henry III (1216-1272), Ashgate, 2002.