Readers' advisory

Readers' advisory (sometimes spelled readers advisory or reader's advisory) is a service which involves suggesting fiction and nonfiction titles to a reader through direct or indirect means. This service is a fundamental library service; however, readers' advisory also occurs in commercial contexts such as bookstores. Currently, almost all North American public libraries offer some form of readers' advisory.[1]

History

North America

"Setting a date for the start of what we now call readers advisory service, particularly readers advisory in the public library, is at best a frustrating, almost arbitrary exercise. Efforts at historical precision can founder on such basic issues as the absence of common definitions. For example, answers to such questions as 'What exactly is a public library?" or "What really is readers advisory?" have long been disputed." (Bill Crowley, from his 2005 journal article "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service")[2]

Opposing Viewpoints on the Merits of Different Types of Readers' Advisory

The historical period divisions and merits of different types of readers' advisory services is a hotly debated topic among librarians.

Bill Crowley, in his 2005 article, "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service," breaks down the historical period divisions of the service into four eras:[3]

Juris Dilevko and Candice Magowan question the merits of the current readers' advisory emphasis on popular fiction materials in their book "Readers' Advisory Service in North American Public Libraries, 1870–2005." They subdivide the history as:[4]

Dilevko and Mogowan write about "readers' advisory systematically committ[ing] itself to meaningful adult education through serious and purposeful reading"[5] up until the 1960s, when emphasis on "popular culture resulted in the 'Give 'Em What They Want' approach"[4] and the "The Devolution into Entertainment."[6]

1897–1920

In 1897, the ALA President stated that "the personal influence of librarians who assisted and advised readers was the most potent force in molding community reading."[7]

1920–1980

Organized readers' advisory programs have been documented dating back to the 1920s.[8] Between 1922–1926 readers' advisory programs were experimentally introduced into seven urban libraries (Cleveland and Detroit, in 1922,[9] Indianapolis, Milwaukee, and Chicago, in 1923 and 1924,[9] and Cincinnati and Portland, OR).[10]

The Adult Education Movement emerged in the 1920s in public libraries and was frequently discussed in American Library Association professional publications.[11]

The 1924 report The American Public Library and the Diffusion of Knowledge by William Learned to the Carnegie Corporation sought to establish adult education as the focus of the public library, with personalized readers' advisory service to adult readers by "reference experts" who would make up a "community intelligence service."[9]

The 1926 American Library Association "book-length" commission report Libraries and Adult Education placed high importance on readers' advisory services in Adult Education. Judson T. Jennings provided a summary of the work, observing that the "library's contribution to adult education resolved itself into three major activities:"[12]

1. An information service regarding local opportunities for adult students.
2. Service to other agencies engaged in adult education.

3. Service to individual readers and students.[12][13]

This new professional interest during the 1920s spurred the creation of specialized full-time readers' advisory positions in major public libraries.[12] By 1936, an estiminated, 50 public libraries had established readers' advisory services.[9]

Until the early 1960s, readers' advisory focused on non-fiction materials and continuing adult education.[14]

1980s - 2000s

Some librarians consider the early 1980s to be the beginning of a revival in readers' advisory and praise the inclusion of fiction (including genre fiction: fantasy, mystery, romance, etc.) and write that historically readers' advisory was biased in favor of nonfiction.[15][16]

Others disapprove of the new approaches and changes in service. Dilevko and Magowan write "Post-1980 readers' advisory thus became an opportunity to converse with patrons about 'light, quick, escapist' books -- popular and ephemeral fiction and nonfiction for entertainment, pleasure, and recreation -- because such conversations were not 'too burdensome'."[17]

In 1982, the term "genreflecting" was first coined by Betty Rosenberg, who authored: Genreflecting: A Guide to Reading Interests in Genre Fiction (Libraries Unlimited, 1982).

Another major influence on the spread and revival of readers' advisory was the Adult Reading Round Table (ARRT),[18] founded by a group of Chicago public librarians in 1984. The group organized workshops, seminars, and genre-study groups.[19][20]

Current Interest

Interest in readers' advisory continues to grow. Libraries Unlimited Genreflecting Advisory Series has grown to 27 titles as of July 2008[21] (from 15 titles in 2005).[22] Beyond traditional genres (fantasy, mystery, romance), some of the diverse, unique, and niche offerings now include: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Literature A Genre Guide,[23] Graphic Novels: A Genre Guide to Comic Books, Manga, and More,[24] and Christian Fiction A Guide to the Genre.[25]

". . . contemporary readers advisory service is best understood as an organized program promoting both fiction and nonfiction discretionary reading for the dual purposes of satisfying reader needs and advancing a culture's goal of a literate population." (Bill Crowley, from his 2005 journal article "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service")[26]

Types

Direct readers' advisory

Direct readers' advisory is based on a non-judgmental assessment of the personal preferences of the reader through a series of questions, called a readers advisory conversation. The assessment focuses on reader likes and dislikes with regard to a number of factors, including subject, reading level, genre, writing style, the level of characterization, plot elements, storyline, pace, tone, frame, and setting. The hoped-for outcome of this interview is the identification of three or more appropriate suggestions (sometimes referred to as "readalikes"—especially when the interview was initiated by patron interest in new authors/titles similar to one enjoyed in the past). In identifying suitable suggestions, a readers' advisor combines personal knowledge of material with a variety of specialized print and online resources to come up with appropriate suggestions. The goal of direct readers advisory is to suggest titles based on a readers' individual interests and tastes. Librarians who simply recommend their favorite books with little or no regard for the patron's own interests are not performing readers' advisory.

For example, if a patron requests "a good book," the readers' advisor might ask the reader to describe a book they have enjoyed. The focus of the conversation is not on recitation of plot, but on the aforementioned appeal elements (i.e. pace, subject, tone, writing style, etc.). In our example, the patron tells the readers' advisor of a humorous mystery novel with a sharp-tongued female protagonist. Our readers' advisor also learns that the patron prefers fast-paced dialogue to excessive descriptive passages. Once the appeal elements have been identified (i.e. a humorous mystery featuring snappy dialogue and a female protagonist), the readers' advisor will suggest appropriate titles in the collection by drawing on personal knowledge and/or by consulting appropriate print and online resources. Even though the patron requested a mystery, a skilled readers advisor will often offer a suggestion or two that point the reader to new a new vista outside of a mentioned genre or milieu.

Readers' advisory can also be performed across multiple media. For example, a patron who likes the movie Matilda might be unaware that it is based on a book by Roald Dahl. Other patrons who enjoy audio books may be introduced to other titles read by the same person.

Questions to consider asking in the readers' advisory interview

In the 2005 edition of Readers' Advisory Services in the Public Library, Joyce Saricks lists some questions for advisors to consider, such as:

Indirect readers' advisory

Indirect readers' advisory display: "Looking for a good book? . . . You could ask one of our Fabulous Librarians . . . or try some of these nifty reading guides"

Indirect readers' advisory involves the creation of displays, bookmarks, and annotated book lists that a reader/patron can pick up and peruse on their own without actively engaging a readers' advisor. Indirect readers' advisory aids, particularly annotated book lists, focus on appeal elements rather than providing extensive plot summaries. Recently, some public libraries (like the Williamsburg Regional Library in Virginia) have begun experimenting with form-based readers' advisory, which allows for a richer indirect readers advisory experience.

Maintaining a Staff Recommendations display is another way to improve a library's readers' advisory service. Since many readers are browsers, staff recommendations make it easier to select a book.[27][28]

In their 2001 article "Reader's Advisory: Matching Mood and Material," Ross and Chelton recommend placing books in four areas of the library in order to make the most of merchandising. These four areas are the entrance, the ends of stacks, high traffic areas, and the circulation desk.[29] Placing the display in these areas ensure that patrons will see and, hopefully, utilize the books on display. Ross and Chelton also note that books, not posters and announcements, should be here because merchandised titles will circulate very quickly.[28]

Discussion of Readers' Advisory Resources

There are numerous books, online subscription databases, and websites dedicated to readers' advisory.

Australia and New Zealand

Print Resources

Popular print resources include the What Do I Read Next? series of reference books (published by Thomson Gale), the Genreflecting series (published by Libraries Unlimited), and the Readers' Advisory Guides (published by the American Library Association).

Nancy Pearl, Book Lust, 2003, Sasquatch Books

Seattle Librarian Nancy Pearl achieved broad fame and recognition for her readers guides, Book Lust[30] and More Book Lust,[31] which recommend "reading for every mood, moment, and reason." Both have been popular with the general public and can be found at most book stores and libraries. Also of note are Pearl's guides to contemporary fiction: Now Read This: A Guide to Mainstream Fiction, 1978–1998[32] and Now Read This II: A Guide to Mainstream Fiction, 1990–2001.[33]

Internet Resources

"In The Bad Beginning (A Series of Unfortunate Events, Book the First) Violet Baudelaire found herself in the unfortunate circumstance of trying to rescue her baby sister Sunny from a perilous perch. Violet was able to invent a grappling hook and attach it to a rope with the proper knot. It will be unfortunate if you do not read this book and you find yourself trying to rescue your baby sister."[40]

Blogs

Reading and/or maintaining a readers' advisory blog for a library can be beneficial for both patrons and librarians. Patrons gain access to book reviews and recommendations and librarians stay current on new releases and improve their readers’ advisory skills.[41][42]

Wikis

Chat

See also

External links

Resources

Adults

Children's and Young Adult Reading

Older Adults

(G.I. Generation, the Silent Generation, and the Baby Boomers)

References

  1. ↑ Dilevko, Juris; Magowan, Candice (2007), Readers' Advisory Service in North American Public Libraries, 1870–2005, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7864-2925-7
  2. ↑ Crowley, Bill (2005), "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service", Public Libraries 44 (1): 37
  3. ↑ Crowley, Bill (2005), "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service", Public Libraries 44 (1): 38
  4. 1 2 Dilevko, Juris; Magowan, Candice (2007), Readers' Advisory Service in North American Public Libraries, 1870–2005, Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, p. 53, ISBN 978-0-7864-2925-7
  5. ↑ Amazon.com, Editorial Reviews: Product Description, Amazon.com, retrieved 2008-07-24
  6. ↑ Dilevko, Juris; Magowan, Candice (2007), Readers' Advisory Service in North American Public Libraries, 1870–2005, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, p. 53, ISBN 978-0-7864-2925-7
  7. ↑ Birge, Lynn E. (1981), Serving Adult Learners: A Public Library Tradition, Chicago: American Library Association, ISBN 0-8389-0346-0
  8. ↑ Saricks, Joyce (2005), Readers' Advisory service in the Public Library (3rd ed.), Chicago: American Library Association, p. 1
  9. 1 2 3 4 Wiegand, Wayne; Davis, Donald, eds. (1994), Encyclopedia of Library History, Taylor & Francis, p. 538, ISBN 0-8240-5787-2
  10. ↑ Saricks, Joyce (2005), Readers' Advisory service in the Public Library (3rd ed.), Chicago: American Library Association, p. 4
  11. ↑ "The American Library Adult Education Movement: The Diffusion of Knowledge and the Democratic Ideal, 1924–1933". Distance.syr.edu. 1928-12-15. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
  12. 1 2 3 Crowley, Bill (2005), "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service", Public Libraries 44 (1): 39
  13. ↑ Jennings, Judson (1929), Voluntary Education through the Public Library, Chicago: American Library Association, p. 13
  14. ↑ Burgin, Robert (2007), "Ten Reasons to Incorporate Nonfiction into Your Readers' Advisory Class", Readers' Advisor News (Libraries Unlimited, published 2007–2009), retrieved 2015-03-10
  15. ↑ Crowley, Bill (2005) "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service." Public Libraries. Vol 44 No. 1. p.40
  16. ↑ Luyt, Brendan (2001). "Regulating Readers: The Social Origins of the Readers' Advisor in the United States." The Library Quarterly. Vol. 71 No. 4 p.443-466
  17. ↑ Dilevko, Juris; Magowan, Candice (2007), Readers' Advisory Service in North American Public Libraries, 1870–2005, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, p. 24, ISBN 978-0-7864-2925-7
  18. ↑ "Adult Reading Round Table Homepage". ARRT Reads. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  19. ↑ Dilevko, Juris; Magowan, Candice (2007), Readers' Advisory Service in North American Public Libraries, 1870–2005, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7864-2925-7
  20. ↑ A list of past programs offered by ARRT, dating back to its founding in 1984, is available at http://www.arrtreads.org/pastprograms.html (accessed March 10, 2015)
  21. ↑ Bopp, Richard E. "Imprint". Libraries Unlimited - Lu.com. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  22. ↑ Dilevko, Juris; Magowan, Candice (2007), Readers' Advisory Service in North American Public Libraries, 1870–2005, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, p. 4, ISBN 978-0-7864-2925-7
  23. ↑ ABC-CLIO - Product - Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Literature: A Genre Guide - Ellen Bosman, John P. Bradford and Robert B. Ridinger
  24. ↑ "ABC-CLIO - Product - Graphic Novels: A Genre Guide to Comic Books, Manga, and More - Michael Pawuk". Lu.com. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  25. ↑ http://lu.com/showbook.cfm?isbn=9781563088711
  26. ↑ Crowley, Bill (2005), "Rediscovering the History of Readers Advisory Service", Public Libraries 44 (1): 37
  27. ↑ Nottingham, Julie, "Doing It Right: A Reader's Advisory Program", Reference and User Services Quarterly 41 (4), p. 338
  28. 1 2 Readers' advisory, LISWiki, retrieved 2008-07-24 (Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License 1.2)
  29. ↑ Ross, C. S.; Chelton, M. K., "Reader's advisory: Matching mood and material", Library Journal 126 (2)
  30. ↑ "Book lust : recommended reading for every mood, moment, and reason". Worldcat.org. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  31. ↑ "More book lust : recommended reading for every mood, moment, and reason". Worldcat.org. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  32. ↑ "Now read this a guide to mainstream fiction, 1978–1998". Worldcat.org. 2008-04-25. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  33. ↑ "Now read this II : a guide to mainstream fiction, 1990–2001". Worldcat.org. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  34. ↑ "MGPL Webrary - Booklist Index". Webrary.org. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  35. ↑ Saricks, Joyce (2005), Readers' Advisory service in the Public Library (3rd ed.), Chicago: American Library Association, pp. 19–20
  36. ↑ "KDL What's Next Database". Ww2.kdl.org. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  37. ↑ "Lemony Snicket Read-Alikes and Supplements". Acpl.lib.in.us. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  38. ↑ "Lemony Snicket Read-Alikes and Supplements". Acpl.lib.in.us. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  39. ↑ "Lemony Snicket Read-Alikes and Supplements". Acpl.lib.in.us. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  40. ↑ "Lemony Snicket Read-Alikes and Supplements". Acpl.lib.in.us. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  41. ↑ Cords, Sarah Stat (December 2005), "Readers' Advisory in the Blogosphere", Reader’s Advisor News (Libraries Unlimited), retrieved 2008-07-25
  42. ↑ Readers' advisory, LISWiki, retrieved 2008-07-25 (Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License 1.2)
  43. ↑ "ABC-CLIO - Browse Subjects". Lu.com. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  44. ↑ "ABC-CLIO - Browse Subjects". Lu.com. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  45. ↑ "Best Books for Young Adults, Third Edition - Books / Professional Development - Products for Young Adults - ALA Store". Alastore.ala.org. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
  46. ↑ "ABC-CLIO - Product - Beyond Picture Books: Subject Access to Best Books for Beginning Readers, Third Edition - Barbara Barstow, Judith Riggle and Leslie M. Molnar". Lu.com. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  47. ↑ "Outstanding Books for the College Bound, 2011 Edition - Books / Professional Development - Products for Young Adults - ALA Store". Alastore.ala.org. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
  48. ↑ Teri Lesesne. "Naked Reading - Stenhouse Publishers". Stenhouse.com. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  49. ↑ "Newbery Medal and Honor Books, 1922–Present". ALA. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
  50. ↑ "Caldecott Medal & Honor Books, 1938–Present". ALA. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
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