Reich Party of the German Middle Class

The Reich Party of the German Middle Class (German: Reichspartei des deutschen Mittelstandes), known from 1920-25 as the Economic Party of the German Middle Classes (German: Wirtschaftspartei des deutschen Mittelstandes), was a conservative^[1] German political party during the Weimar Republic. It was commonly known as the Wirtschaftspartei or WP.

Development

Following the establishment of the Weimar Republic the German National People's Party (DNVP), which emerged as the main conservative party, hoped to include Germany's established bourgeoisie as a natural part of its own support base. This however was not to the case, as the party quickly became associated with general rural interests as well as those of big business and as a result the WP was formed in 1920 to be the party of these Mittelstand views.^[2] In order to reflect the views of this group, the WP called for a reduction in government economic involvement, a freer hand for business and lower tax.^[3] The WP did not dominate as the middle class vote, as some did go with the DNVP whilst others preferred more radical right alternatives but generally the WP emerged as the main group to specifically target the middle classes for its support.^[2]

Its first representation was in the Landtag of Prussia in 1921 and it appeared in the Reichstag in 1924.^[3] Its best performance in a national election came in 1930 when it won 23 seats.^[3] This total reduced to two only two years later by which time it had lost most of its support to the Nazi Party.^[3]

Saxony

The party enjoyed its strongest following in Saxony during the 1920s and when it first contested the Landtag of Saxony elections in 1924 it received 7.9% of the vote in Chemnitz-Zwickau, the only district in which it stood.^[4]

In 1926 the party co-operated with the German People's Party, DNVP and the Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation in a pact against "red parties" in Saxony, arguing that the left was using that state to launch its assault on the Weimar Republic in order to establish communism in Germany.^[5] The pact was not a success however as a Social Democratic Party of Germany government took office in the state and before the WP was squabbling with their Reich Party allies over the issue of property revaluation (which WP opposed and the Reich Party supported).^[6]

Nonetheless their support in Saxony was reflected in the 1928 Reichstag election, where the party's 8.5% vote share was by some distance their highest in the country.^[7] This fell to 7.3% in 1930 and to as low as 1% in July 1932 by which the WP, which had flirted with anti-parliamentary rhetoric and corporatism, saw its support transfer to the Nazi Party in Saxony as was the case elsewhere.^[8]

References

1. Stanley G. Payne, Fascism:Comparison and Definition, Univ of Wisconsin Press,, 1983, p. 16
2. Geoff Eley, Reshaping the German Right: Radical Nationalism and Political Change After Bismarck, University of Michigan Press, 1991, p. 359
3. William Brustein, The Logic of Evil: The Social Origins of the Nazi Party, 1925-1933, Yale University Press, 1998, p. 221
4. Benjamin Lapp, Revolution from the Right: Politics, Class, and the Rise of Nazism in Saxony, 1919-1933, BRILL, 1997, p. 134
5. Lapp, Revolution from the Right, p. 186
6. Lapp, Revolution from the Right, p. 187
7. Lapp, Revolution from the Right, p. 163
8. Lapp, Revolution from the Right, p. 166