Rhodobacter sphaeroides
| Rhodobacter sphaeroides | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Rhodobacterales |
| Family: | Rhodobacteraceae |
| Genus: | Rhodobacter (van Niel 1944) Imhoff et al. |
Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a kind of purple bacteria; a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. Its best growth conditions are anaerobic phototrophy (photoheterotrophic and photoautotrophic) and aerobic chemoheterotrophy in the absence of light.[1] R. sphaeroides is also able to fix nitrogen.[2] It is remarkably metabolically diverse, as it is able to grow heterotrophically via fermentation and aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
R. sphaeroides has been isolated from deep lakes and stagnate waters.[2]
R. sphaeroides is one of the most pivotal organisms in the study of bacterial photosynthesis. It requires no unusual conditions for growth and is incredibly efficient. The regulation of its photosynthetic machinery is of great interest to researchers, as R. sphaeroides has an intricate system for sensing O2 tensions.[3] Also, when exposed to a reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen, R. sphaeroides develops invaginations in its cellular membrane. The photosynthetic apparatus is housed in these invaginations.[3] These invaginations are also known as chromatophores.
The genome of R. sphaeroides is also somewhat intriguing. It has two chromosomes, one of 3 Mb (CI) and one of 900 Kb (CII), and five naturally occurring plasmids. Many genes are duplicated between the two chromosomes but appear to be differentially regulated. Moreover, many of the open reading frames (ORFs) on CII seem to code for proteins of unknown function. When genes of unknown function on CII are disrupted, many types of auxotrophy result, emphasizing that the CII is not merely a truncated version of CI.[4]
Accepted name
- Rhodobacter sphaeroides (van Niel 1944) Imhoff et al., 1984[5]
Synonyms
- Rhodococcus minor Molisch 1907
- Rhodococcus capsulatus Molisch 1907
- Rhodosphaera capsulata (Molisch) Buchanan 1918
- Rhodosphaera minor (Molisch) Bergey et al. 1923
- Rhodorhagus minor (Molisch) Bergey et al. 1925
- Rhodorhagus capsulatus (Molisch) Bergey et al. 1925
- Rhodorrhagus capsulatus Bergey et al. 1939
- Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides van Niel 1944
- Rhodopseudomonas spheroides van Niel 1944
- Rhodorrhagus spheroides (van Niel) Brisou 1955
See also
References
- ↑ Mackenzie C, Eraso JM, Choudhary M, Roh JH, Zeng X, Bruscella P, et al. (2007). "Postgenomic adventures with Rhodobacter sphaeroides.". Annu Rev Microbiol 61: 283–307. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093402. PMID 17506668.
- 1 2 De Universiteit van Texas over Rhodobacter sphaeroides
- 1 2 Oh, JI.; Kaplan, S. (Mar 2001). "Generalized approach to the regulation and integration of gene expression.". Mol Microbiol 39 (5): 1116–23. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2001.02299.x. PMID 11251830.
- ↑ Mackenzie, C. et al. Multiple Chromosome in Bacteria: The Yin and Yang of trp Gene Localization in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. Genetics 1999 October; 153(2): 525-538
- ↑ Bacteriology Insight Orienting System over Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Bibliography
- Inomata Tsuyako, Higuchi Masataka (1976), Incorporation of tritium into cell materials of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides from tritiated water in the medium under aerobic conditions ; Journal of Biochemistry 80(3), p569-578, 1976-09