Richard Fortescue

Richard Fortescue (d. 1570), detail from monumental brass, Filleigh Church

Richard Fortescue (c. 1517–1570) of Filleigh, North Devon was an English Member of Parliament and prominent land-owner and member of the Devonshire gentry, ancestor to the Earls Fortescue.

Origins

Arms of Fortescue: Azure, a bend engrailled argent plain cottised or. Motto: Forte Scutum Salus Ducum ("A Strong Shield is the Salvation of Leaders")^[1]

The Fortescues are an ancient family, whose roots can be traced back to Norman times. He was the eldest son of Bartholomew Fortescue, Esq. (d. 1557), lord of the manor of Filleigh and of several other manors, by his wife Ellen More (or Moore), daughter of Maurice More of Moor Hayes in Cullompton, Devon. He was a great-grandson of Sir John Fortescue (c. 1394 - c. 1480), chief justice.

Career

Richard Fortescue was elected MP for Tavistock in 1545. He was a Justice of the Peace for Devon by 1558/9, and Sheriff of Devon in 1562-3.

Marriage and Progeny

Mural monument erected in 1638 in Weare Giffard Church showing on the top tier the figures of Hugh Fortescue (1544–1600), son of Richard Fortescue, and his wife Mary Chichester. On the side of the prie dieu is an escutcheon showing the arms of Fortescue impaling Chichester: Checky or and gules , a chief vair. The monument also shows below Hugh's son John Fortescue (d. 1605) and his wife Mary Speccot, and shows the faces in sculpted relief of the latter's children and grandchildren in roundels

He married about 1544 Joan Morton, daughter of Robert Morton, by Dorothy, daughter of Sir John Fitz James, of Redlynch (in Bruton), Somerset, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, Chief Justice of the King’s Bench, 1526–39 [see Benolte et al., Vis. of Somerset 1531, 1573 & 1591 (1885): 24, 106; Hunter, Familiæ Minorum Gentium 1 (H.S.P. 37) (1894): 241–244 (Morton ped.); Foss, Judges of England 5 (1857): 170–181 (biog. of John Fitz-James)]. They had at least one son, and two daughters, including:

• Hugh I Fortescue (1544–1600), Sheriff of Devon in 1583,^[2] who married Elizabeth Chichester (d. 1630), a daughter of Sir John Chichester (d. 1569) of Raleigh. He was buried in Weare Giffard Church, where exists his monument erected by his grandson Hugh Fortescue (1592–1661), who married in 1612 at Petrockstowe Mary Rolle (d. 1648/9) of Heanton Satchville, Petrockstowe. Their grandson was Hugh Fortescue (1665–1719), MP, who married Bridget Boscawen (d. 1708), daughter of Hugh Boscawen (d. 1701) by his wife Lady Margaret Clinton (d. 1688) the senior co-heiress to the Barony of Clinton.
• Mary Fortescue (d.1623), wife of Hugh III Culme (d.1618) of Molland-Champson.^[3]

Death and burial

He died on 30 June 1570 at Filleigh,^[4] and was buried in Filleigh Church, where two monumental brasses exist in his memory.

Monumental brasses

Two small monumental brasses formerly affixed to a now lost tomb-monument to Richard Fortescue (d. 1570) of Filleigh, north wall of nave, Filleigh Church, North Devon. Frames are Victorian, brasses are displaced from their original locations within the old parish church, demolished c. 1730, which stood next to the former manor house, re-modelled c. 1730 into the Palladian mansion Castle Hill

Two monumental brasses which formerly adorned a tomb-monument of Richard Fortescue exist in Filleigh Church, having been removed from their original setting in the old parish church of Filleigh, demolished c. 1730 to make way for landscaping surrounding the Palladian mansion of Castle Hill, which was a re-modelling of Richard Fortescue's ancient manor house. Both are now affixed within Victorian wooden frames on the north wall of the nave of the new parish church of St Paul, built in 1732 some half mile away from its former location next to the manor house. There are two heraldic escutcheons on each brass, in poor condition with parts torn away.

Brass of Richard Fortescue

Monumental brass depicting Richard Fortescue, Filleigh Church

The shield in front of Richard Fortescue shows the following quartered arms: 1: Fortescue; 2: Denzil; 3: de Filleigh ; 4: de Weare (or Trewin)

Arms of Densell of Filleigh: Sable, a mullet in chief and a crescent in base argent.^[5] Shown in both shields on Richard Fortescue's brasses in the 2nd quarter. Also visible on a bench-end in Weare Giffard Church, c. 1510

Arms of Richard Fortescue (d. 1570) from Weare Giffard overmantel now at Simonsbath House. The arms of his wife are shown impaled in the sinister half as follows: 1st & 4th grand quarters: quarterly 1st & 4th: Gules, a goat's head erased armed argent; 2nd & 3rd: Ermine (Moreton); 2nd & 3rd grand quarters: Gules, a chevron between three stag's heads cabossed or (Hagget of Kent)

The right-hand (easternmost) brass on the nave wall depicts Richard Fortescue as a heavily bearded figure dressed in armour kneeling towards the left at a prie-dieu, with his helmet and gauntlets on the floor. It is inscribed below in Gothic script:

"Here lyeth Richard Ffortescue of Ffylleygh, Esquier, who dyed on the last daye of June in the yere of oure lorde god 1570"

On either side are two escutcheons. That on the dexter shows the arms of Fortescue in the first quarter with three other quarterings. The escutcheon is surmounted by a crest, apparently a plain shield, in Latin scutum, alluding to the Latinized family name de Forti Scuto^[6] meaning "(from) a strong shield". In the 2nd quarter are the arms of Denzil (or Denshill): Sable a crescent with a mullet issuing from between its horns argent" [see Sir George Carew's Scroll of Arms 1588 (1901): 93]. The arms in the 3rd quarter are the arms of Filleigh: Gules, a fess vairee between 6 crosses formee or.^[7] In the 4th quarter are the arms of Walter Treawyn of Weare Gifford, (d. 1381)^[8] by marriage to whose daughter and heiress, according to Tristram Risdon, the Fortescues had acquired Weare Giffard: Argent, on a bend vert between six crosses crosslet fitchee gules three crozier heads or.

The shield to the sinister shows Fortescue, with quarterings as at dexter, impaling Morton: Quarterly, 1st and 4th: Gules, a goat's head erased or; 2nd and 3rd: Ermine, (Moreton). These are the arms of his wife's family. They are the same arms borne by Joan Morton's kinsman, John Morton (c. 1420 – 15 September 1500), Archbishop of Canterbury 1486 to 1500. The heraldic overmantel now at Simonsbath House originally from Weare Giffard Hall, both former Fortescue residences, appears to confirm the blazon. A framed handwritten note, c. 1900, made by a member of the Fortescue family hangs by the side of the Simonsbath House overmantel and states the arms to be of Morton.

Brass of Sir Bernard Drake

Rightward-kneeling monumental brass depicting Sir Bernard Drake (d. 1586), who erected the monument and brasses in memory of his brother-in-law Richard Fortescue (d. 1570). The arms of Drake of Ash, near Musbury, Devon are shown in the dexter escutcheon, in a mutilated condition: A wyvern gules. The sinister escutcheon shows the quarterings of the arms of Drake's wife Gertrude Fortescue

Arms of Drake of Ash: Argent, a wyvern gules

The other brass on the left (westernmost) depicts his brother-in-law Sir Bernard Drake (d. 1586), of Ash, near Musbury, who erected the monument, kneeling towards the right, in a similar posture in similar dress. Sir Bernard Drake had married Gertrude Fortescue (d. 1601), Richard's sister, as his monument in Musbury Church in Devon records. The inscription below in Gothic lettering of exactly the same style as the other brass reads:^[9]

"Forget who can yf that he lyft to see,
Fortescue of ffylleghie the seventhe of that degre,
Remembrance of a frynde his brother Drake doth showe,
Presentinge this unto the eyes of moo, (more)
Hurtfull to none and fryndlye to the moste,
The erthe his bones the heavens possese his goste.

Richard ffortescue died at Filleghie ye last day of June 1570".

The last line of poetry is taken from the last line of the work of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (d. 1547) "On Sir Thomas Wyatt". The escutcheon on the dexter shows the arms of Drake of Ash: A wyvern gules, badly mutilated. The escutcheon on the sinister side shows the arms of Drake's wife, Gertrude Fortescue, and its quarterings.

Sources

• Virgoe, Roger, Biography of Richard Fortescue, published in History of Parliament: House of Commons 1509-1558
• Nichols, John Gough, The Herald & Genealogist, Vol. 8, London, 1874, Notes on the Arms of Sir Francis Drake, pp. 307-313
• Friend, Hilderic, Bygone Devonshire, London, 1898, pp. 80-81
• Lysons, Samuel, Magna Britannia, Vol. 6, 1822, Antiquities: Ancient Church Architecture

Further reading

• Fortescue, T, Lord Clermont, The Fortescue Family, pp. 126–27

References

1. Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 461
2. Vivian, Heraldic Visitations of Devon, 1895, p.354, pedigree of Fortescue
3. Vivian, Heralds' Visitation of Devon 1620 (1895)
4. Virgoe states date of death as 26 June, but contemporary brasses in Filleigh Church both state he died on the last day of June, i.e. 30th
5. (With differently worded blazon, same resulting image): Pole, Sir William (d.1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, p.480
6. Ablative case of Forte Scutum; although clearly not the name of a manor or a location of an ancient family seat, scribes nevertheless prefixed the name with de, Latin for "from"
7. Nichols, op. cit.
8. Risdon, Tristram
9. Quoted in: Nichols, John Gough, The Herald and Genealogist, Vol. 8; Friend, Hilderic, Bygone Devonshire; Lysons, Magna Britannia, Vol. 6, 1822, Antiquities: Ancient Church Architecture