Richard Pococke

Richard Pococke
Richard Pococke in Oriental Costume, 1738 — by Jean-Étienne Liotard.
Born	19 November 1704 Southampton, England.
Died	25 September 1765 (aged 60) Charleville Castle, near Tullamore, Ireland.
Nationality	English
Ethnicity	English
Citizenship	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Genre	Travel writer and diarist.

Richard Pococke (19 November 1704 – 25 September 1765)^[1] was an English prelate and anthropologist. He was the Bishop of Ossory (1756–65) and Meath (1765), both dioceses of the Church of Ireland. However, he is best known for his travel writings and diaries.

Biography

Pococke was born in Southampton and educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, receiving a Bachelor of Law degree. His father was the Reverend Richard Pococke and his mother was Elizabeth Milles,^[1][2] the daughter of Rev. Isaac Milles the younger, son of Rev. Isaac Milles (1638-1720). His parents were married on 26 April 1698. Pococke's uncle, Thomas Milles, was a professor of Greek. He was also distantly related to Edward Pococke, the English Orientalist and biblical scholar.^[3] Rev. Jeremiah II Milles (1714–1784) was a first cousin.

His family connections meant he advanced rapidly in the church, becoming vicar-general of the Diocese of Waterford and Lismore.

Travels in Europe (1733-36) and the Near East (1737-42)

Richard Pocockes sketch of Pyramid of Cheops from 1754.

He seems to have spent far more time travelling than attending to his duties as a churchman and from 1733-41 undertook two grand tours with his cousin, Jeremiah Milles. The first (1733-34) was to France and Italy and the second (1736-37) was to the Low Countries, Germany, Austria, Poland and Hungary. Milles was recalled in 1737 to attend his uncle, the Bishop of Waterford & Lismore, leaving Pococke to continue his voyage to the East. Detailed accounts of their travels survive in a collection of letters written to Pococke's mother and their mutual uncle, the bishop, as well as in a number of note-books (British Library, Add. Ms. 19939, 15779, 22998, etc.). The earlier manuscripts, recently edited and published by Rachel Finnegan,^[4] include probably the most detailed description of Venice's "Marriage to the Sea" ceremony as well as precious information on contemporary music, especially opera.^[5] From 1737-41 he visited the Near East,^[3] visiting Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon & Syria, Asia Minor, and Greece. These travels were later published in his Description of the East of 1743 and 1745, works which were praised by Edmund Gibbon. The complete collection of correspondence written to his mother from his Eastern voyage is now in print (2013), thus completing the publication of all his known travels.^[6] Among other things, he was one of the European travellers to give an account of the origins of the medieval Arabic document, the Achtiname of Muhammad, which claims that Muhammad had personally confirmed a grant of protection and other privileges to the monks of Saint Catherine's Monastery in Egypt.^[7]

Irish tour (1747-60)

During the years 1747-60, Pococke made a number of tours around various parts of Ireland. The longest of these tours occurred in 1752, when he travelled to just over half of Ireland's counties. He kept a record of this tour, but did not publish it. It ended up in the library of Trinity College, Dublin. Eventually, in 1891, an edited edition of Pococke's 1752 tour was published by George Thomas Stokes.

Episcopal office and further travels

He was made bishop successively of Ossory, Elphin and of Meath in 1765. He spent many of his later years in travel throughout Britain and Ireland, publishing accounts of many of his journeys.

He died of apoplexy during a visitation at Charleville Castle, near Tullamore, County Offaly,^[8] Ireland, in 1765. On his death, many of his manuscripts were given to the British Library.^[9]

He was buried at Ardbraccan, County Meath, Ireland.

Works

• Works by Richard Pococke in Internet Archive

  A Description of the East and Some other Countries, Vol. I: Observations on Egypt, W. Boyer, London, 1743.

  A Description of the East and Some other Countries, Vol. II, W. Boyer, London, 1745 — divided into two parts:

Part 1, Observations on Palæstina or the Holy Land, Syria, Mesopotamia, Cyprus, and Candia.

Part 2, Observations on the islands of the Archipelago, Asia Minor, Thrace, Greece, and some other parts of Europe.

• Tours in Scotland, 1747, 1750, 1760, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1887
• The Travels through England of Dr. Richard Pococke, successively Bishop of Meath and of Ossory, During 1750, 1751, and Later Years (Camden Society, 1888, vol. 42)

Mrs Elizabeth Montagu's description

In a letter to Mrs. Donnellan dated Sandleford, the 30th of December, 1750, Mrs. Montagu wrote: ... We have a loss in not having Dr. Pococke here this Christmas, as we expected. The conversation of a man of letters, and a traveller, is very agreeable in the country. Now I am out of the sphere of attraction of the great city of London, I am as well pleased to hear of some custom at Constantinople as of a new fashion in London; and the Nile is as much my thought as the Thames...^[10]

References

Footnotes

1. Notes and Queries, p. 129.
2. Milles (or Mills).
3. Nichols, p. 157.
4. Letters from Abroad: The Grand Tour Correspondence of Richard Pococke & Jeremiah Milles. Volume 1, Letters from the Continent (1733-34); & Volume 2, Letters from the Continent (1736-37).Finnegan, Rachel (Ed.), Published by Pococke Press (2011 & 2012)
5. Chrissochoidis, "Musical References in Richard Pococke's Early Correspondence (1734-37)"
6. Letters from Abroad: The Grand Tour Correspondence of Richard Pococke & Jeremiah Milles. Volume 3, Letters from the East (1737-41). Rachel Finnegan (Ed.),
7. Ratliff, "The monastery of Saint Catherine at Mount Sinai and the Christian communities of the Caliphate."
8. Then officially called King's County by the British Administration in Ireland.
9. ODNB
10. The Letters of Mrs Elizabeth Montagu: Containing her letters from an early..., published and edited by Matthew Montagu, volume iii, London, 1813.

Sources

• Notes and Queries. London, 1859.
• Nichols, John. Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century. 6 vols. Vol. 2. London, 1812.
• St. John, James Augustus. The Lives of Celebrated Travellers. 3 vols. Vol. 2. New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1859.
• Ratliff, Brandie. "The monastery of Saint Catherine at Mount Sinai and the Christian communities of the Caliphate." Sinaiticus. The bulletin of the Saint Catherine Foundation (2008).
• Stokes, George Thomas (ed.). Pococke's Tour in Ireland in 1752. Dublin: Hodges Figgis & Co., 1891.
• Chrissochoidis, Ilias. "Musical References in Richard Pococke's Early Correspondence (1734–37)". Society for Eighteenth-Century Music Newsletter 17 (September 2010–April 2011), 5.

External links

• Google Book Search, A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World: Many of which are Now First Translated Into English, 1811. The full text of Pococke's "A Description of the East and Some other Countries, Vol. II (1745)" p. 406 - p. 770
• Google Book Search, A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World: Many of which are Now First Translated Into English, 1814. The full text of Pococke's "A Description of the East and Some other Countries, Vol. I (1743)" p. 163 - p. 402
• Letters from Abroad: The Grand Tour Correspondence of Richard Pococke and Jeremiah Milles. Volume 1, Letters from the Continent (1733-34). Finnegan, Rachel (Ed.), Published by Pococke Press, 2011;
• Letters from Abroad: The Grand Tour Correspondence of Richard Pococke and Jeremiah Milles. Volume 2, Letters from the Continent (1736-37). Finnegan, Rachel (Ed.), Published by Pococke Press, 2012;
• Letters from Abroad: The Grand Tour Correspondence of Richard Pococke and Jeremiah Milles. Volume 3, Letters from the East(1737-41). Finnegan, Rachel (Ed.), Published by Pococke Press, 2013;
• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "^{article name needed}". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.