Splanchnic nerves

Splanchnic nerves
Nerves of the autonomic nervous system, with splanchnic nerves seen in center.
Dorlands /Elsevier	n_04/12564652
*Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy* [edit on Wikidata]

The splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves (nerves that contribute to the innervation of the internal organs), carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system (visceral efferent fibers) as well as sensory fibers from the organs (visceral afferent fibers). All carry sympathetic fibers except for the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which carry parasympathetic fibers.

Types

The term splanchnic nerves can refer to:

Cardiopulmonary nerves^[1]
Thoracic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, and least)
Lumbar splanchnic nerves
Sacral splanchnic nerves
Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Comparison
Nerve		Pre-/postsynaptic^[2]	autonomic system^[2]	Origin^[2]	Targets^[2]
Cardiopulmonary nerves		Postsynaptic	sympathetic	cervical and upper thoracic ganglia	Thoracic cavity
Thoracic splanchnic nerves	generally	Presynaptic		lower thoracic ganglia	Prevertebral ganglia
	Greater splanchnic nerve			T5-T9 or T10	Celiac ganglia
	Lesser splanchnic nerve			T10-T11	Superior mesenteric ganglia and Aorticorenal ganglia
	Least splanchnic nerve			T12	Renal plexus
Lumbar splanchnic nerves				L1-2	Inferior mesenteric ganglia, ganglia of intermesenteric and hypogastric plexuses
Sacral splanchnic nerves				sacral part of sympathetic trunk	inferior hypogastric plexus and ganglia to the pelvic viscera
Pelvic splanchnic nerves			parasympathetic	S2-S4	intrinsic ganglia of descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, and inferior hypogastric plexus and ganglia to the pelvic viscera

References

↑ Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 3 ed. 2007. Page 181
1 2 3 4 Unless else specified in boxes, then ref is: Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 3 ed. 2007. Page 181

Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system

Head

Sympathetic	Ciliary ganglion: roots Sensory Sympathetic Short ciliary

Parasympathetic	Ciliary ganglion: roots Sensory Parasympathetic Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion: deep petrosal nerve of pterygoid canal branches of distribution: greater palatine inferior posterior nasal branches lesser palatine nasopalatine medial superior posterior nasal branches pharyngeal Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion

Neck

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia Superior Middle Inferior Stellate ganglion prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus Internal carotid

Chest

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus Esophageal plexus Pulmonary plexus Thoracic aortic plexus splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary thoracic cardiac nerves: Superior Middle Inferior

Abdomen

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia prevertebral ganglia: Celiac ganglia Aorticorenal Superior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion prevertebral plexus: Celiac plexus Hepatic Splenic Pancreatic aorticorenal Abdominal aortic plexus Renal/Suprarenal Superior mesenteric Gastric Inferior mesenteric Spermatic Ovarian Superior hypogastric hypogastric nerve Superior rectal Inferior hypogastric Vesical Prostatic / Cavernous nerves of penis Uterovaginal Middle rectal splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves

Enteric	Submucous plexus Myenteric plexus

Pelvis

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves: Sacral splanchnic nerves

Parasympathetic	splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves

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