Ringfeder
Ringfeder is the trading name of a German company based in Krefeld. The company manufactures automatic bolt coupling devices. While they are not the sole manufacturer of these devices, their name (pronounced ring-feader) has become the universal term. Ringfeder are part of the large Swedish company, VBG, also a manufacturer of automatic coupling devices. Another manufacturer is Rockinger, a part of the large German company, Jost.
Description
An automatic bolt coupling device comprises a drawbar, a swivelable cast "bell" with a horizontal opening in the middle, a machined pin or "bolt", an automatic pin release mechanism, a safety locking device with actuating handle and a cushioned mounting plate. The design of the pin allows articulation of up to 70 degrees around the drawbar eye in the pitch and yaw directions. The coupling can also rotate through 360 degrees in roll.
Mechanism
A Ringfeder is typically mounted to a specially designed and built crossmember on the rear of the vehicle. This could be on the rear of a rigid truck, prime mover or trailer. This mount also includes air, electrical and, if necessary, hydraulic fittings.
Firstly, the vehicle is reversed up to the drawbar of the trailer/dolly, stopping short of hitting. The height of the drawbar is checked, and adjusted accordingly. The safety catch handle on the upper left of the Ringfeder is pulled out and turned 90 degrees, and then allowed to return into the upper detent on the shaft collar. This then allows the actuator handle on the right of the body to be lifted to the stop. This pulls the bolt upwards, and sets the automatic tripping function. The Ringfeder is now ready to be coupled.
The vehicle is reversed slowly until the drawbar eye enters the bell, tripping the bolt and closing the coupling. A check is made of the coupling to ensure full engagement, air lines and electrics hooked up and drawbar leg stowed.
Uses
Ringfeders are used in nearly all aspects of world transport, the most common being LGVs (Large Goods Vehicles) throughout Europe, and road trains in Australia. America uses a similar product known as a "Pintle Hook" or tow hitch.