Roger Corbet (died 1395)

Sir Roger Corbet (died 1395), of Moreton Corbet, Shropshire was a landowner and politician who was a knight of the shire for Shropshire in three Parliaments of England. He was involved in a series of complex and sharply contested property disputes with members of his own family.

Arms of the Corbet baronets of Moreton Corbet, based on the arms of the medieval Corbets.^[1] The raven was used by most branches of the Corbet family, whose name means "little crow."^[2]

Background

A remaining part of the medieval keep at Moreton Corbet. The castle was heavily modified in the mid-16th century by Sir Andrew Corbet and an entirely new building on the Italian model begun next to it by his son, Robert.

Roger Corbet was the third son of:

• Sir Robert Corbet (died 1375) of Moreton Corbet.^[3] The Corbets of Moreton Corbet were descended from the Corbet family of Caus Castle, who had been important landowners in the Welsh Marches from the time of William the Conqueror. The senior line of the Corbets at Caus had petered out in 1347 and the properties passed to Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford^[4] The cadet branch made their home at Moreton Corbet Castle, then a significant stronghold in north Shropshire.
• Elizabeth, daughter of Fulk, 1st Baron Strange of Blackmere.^[5] The Le Strange family were another important dynasty of Marcher Lords. Fulk le Strange was called to parliament by Edward II and served him as Seneschal of Gascony,^[6] a key post in the administration of the remaining Plantagenet possessions in France. The title could be passed through both male and female, and in 1383 it passed via female descent and marriage to the Talbot family, later to become Earls of Shrewsbury.^[4]

Roger Corbet had two older brothers, Thomas and Fulk, as well as a younger brother, John, and a sister, Joan.^[3] He inherited most of the family estates only because of a complex series of arrangements made by his parents. As the eldest son, Thomas, predeceased his parents, they were concerned to keep the estates in the Corbet family by preventing their going to Elizabeth, Thomas's daughter, who had married Sir John Ipstones,^[7] later twice MP for Staffordshire.^[8] Hence they initiated a series of transactions, some involving their daughters, intended to put most of the estates in tail, and favouring in particular Fulk and Roger.^[5] However, some of the provisions were mutually-contradictory, generating the disputes Roger pursued in the 1380s and 1390s.^[9] In fact, litigation began even before the death of Sir Robert. In 1374 Elizabeth and Ipstones went to the Court of Common Pleas to try to get possession of the manor of Braunstone in Leicetershire, which had been given to Thomas Erdington, the son of Roger's sister, Margaret.^[8]

Landowner and litigant

When Sir Robert died in 1375, most of the estates passed to his eldest remaining son, Sir Fulk. His widow held as jointure a number of properties: the double manor of Lawley, both parts of which had been Corbet property since the previous century;^[10] Bletchley, where Elizabeth established a court leet;^[11] and Hopton Wafers, in the south of Shropshire. When she died, in 1381, these passed to Roger. Sir Fulk himself died in 1382 and the entailed estates also passed to Roger: Shawbury, Moreton Corbet, Habberley, Rowton and three other Shropshire manors. The unentailed Corbet estates were to go to Fulk's daughter, another Elizabeth, who was still a minor.

However, there were serious complications regarding four of the young Elizabeth's properties. Under a fine levied around 1363,^[9] Yockleton, Shelve, Wentnor and a fourth part of Caus Forest had been granted for life to Joan, Roger's sister, and her husband, Sir Robert de Harley. A year later, Joan and Harley had leased the properties to Sir Fulk for £60 per annum for the remainder of their lives, acknowledging that they were held of the king by knight service. By a third fine, around 1368, they had provided for the estates to pass to Roger in the event of Fulk's death. The death of Fulk exposed the inherent contradiction: Joan was still alive, so Fulk's heir could claim the estates under the second fine. However, Fulk's death raised Roger's expectation of gaining control, under the terms of the third fine. Worse still, Fulk's widow, yet another Elizabeth, claimed the properties as part of her jointure. Roger went to the Court of Chancery to try to vindicate his position, supported by Joan and Harley. Richard II's lawyers argued that the properties should escheat to the Crown while the young Elizabeth was still a minor. In 1384, Richard II commissioned an inquisition by Robert Belknap and Robert Charleton, which seems to have decided for the escheat. Roger Corbet then took legal action to recover the estates and gained them in 1385.

This was not the end, as Elizabeth attained the age of majority in 1390. She was now married to John Mawddwy or de la Pole, lord of Dinas Mawddwy, who raised the issue of the four estates again. Joan was now married to John Darras, and they took Corbet's side. As "strife and debate" was threatening to turn into something worse, the disputants were summoned on 23 June to appear in person before King and Council in Chancery, all being required to provide security for good behaviour in the very considerable sum of 200 marks each.^[5] After further delays, the disputed estates passed to the Mawddwys, and later to their daughter Elizabeth, who married Hugh Burgh, a future MP for Shropshire and Lord High Treasurer of Ireland.

By the late 14th century Shropshire's landowners had almost entirely withdrawn from actual cultivation of the land.^[12] Like most of their peers, the Corbets had rented out most of their demesne lands to tenants by the 1380s, under a variety of arrangements: tenancy at will, customary tenancies, sharecropping. The times were turbulent and uncertain and the Black death had made labour scarce, expensive, and hard to manage. Landed families were better off with a predictable income from rents than trying to exploit the land for themselves in the face of difficult conditions and volatile markets.

Family tree

The family tree illustrates the main lines of descent involved in the property conflicts of the late 14th century.

The Corbets of Moreton Corbet: 14th Century

Political and military career

Apart from the property dispute with his own family, there were few occasions when Corbet's behaviour gave cause for concern to the authorities. In general he was accepted as a good guarantor of others' goodwill. In 1378 he and Sir Fulk stood surety for James Audley, 2nd Baron Audley,^[5] a Staffordshire magnate who took custody of Whittington Castle, seat of the Barons FitzWarin, during the minority of the 5th Baron, and he stood as guarantor for Sir Fulk when he took over the farm of a Fitzwarin manor. By 1382, he was married to Margaret Erdington – part of a double link between the families, as his sister Margaret married his brother-in-law, Sir Thomas Erdington.^[13] However, while Sir Fulk lived, he was head of the family and Roger was a minor, if respected, figure in the county.

However, Roger Corbet was made a Justice of the Peace within a year of his brother's death and in the same year, 1383, was elected twice to the House of Commons in the Parliaments of February and August.^[5] Probably in the same year, the abbots of Shrewsbury Abbey and Haughmond Abbey acted as godfathers to his first son, Robert. Corbet was made Commissioner of Array in 1385 and by 1388 he had been knighted. It is possible he served overseas in the interim.

In 1391 he was again elected to Parliament. He was second to Sir Hugh Cheyne,^[14] a close friend of Corbet, who had supported him and Darras before the king in the previous year.^[15] Cheyne was probably an older and certainly a more experienced man: a veteran of war in Ireland and of at least six previous parliaments, and a supporter of Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, whose family the Cheynes had long served.

Death

However, Corbet's time as head of the family was fairly short. He died in September 1395 and his widow, Margaret, died only two months later. The heir, Robert, was below the age of majority and in 1397 his marriage and wardship were granted to Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester.^[16] However, Henry IV forced Worcester to relinquish the wardship to John Burley, a Shropshire MP and a retainer of Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel.^[17]

Marriage and family

Sir Roger Corbet married Margaret Erdington, daughter of Sir Giles Erdington of Erdington, Warwickshire. They seem to have had at least two sons^[5] and two daughters.^[18]

• Robert Corbet (1383–1420) of Moreton Corbet, Sir Roger's heir, was twice MP for Shropshire.^[17]
• Roger Corbet of Shrewsbury was MP twice for Shrewsbury and once for Shropshire.^[19]
• Joan Corbet^[18]
• Eleanor Corbet

Footnotes

1. Sir Bernard Burke, The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, p.228, Harrison, London, 1884, accessed 29 November 2013 at Internet Archive
2. Patrick Hanks, Flavia Hodges, A.D. Mills, Adrian Room, The Oxford Names Companion, OUP, 2002, p.141, ISBN 0-19-860561-7
3. Grazebrook and Rylands, p.134-5
4. Baugh and Elrington (1989), Domesday Book: 1300–1540
5. Roskell et al, CORBET, Sir Roger (d.1395), of Moreton Corbet, Salop. – Author: L. S. Woodger
6. Fulk Lestrange at the Gascon Rolls Project (1317–1478), accessed 4 December 2013
7. Grazebrook and Rylands, p.134
8. Roskell et al, IPSTONES, Sir John (d.1394), of Blymhill, Staffs. – Author: C.R.
9. Corbet, p.241
10. Baugh and Elrington (1985), Lawley: Manors and other estates
11. Baugh and Elrington (1985), Bradford Hundred
12. Baugh and Elrington (1989), Domesday Book: 1300–1540 – The leasing of the demesnes
13. Roskell et al, ERDINGTON, Thomas (c.1371–1434), of Erdington, Warws.; Barrow upon Soar, Leics. and Corfe Mullen, Dorset. – Author: L. S. Woodger
14. Roskell et al, Shropshire – Author: L. S. Woodger
15. Roskell et al, CHEYNE, Sir Hugh (d.1404), of Cheyney Longville, Salop. – Author: L. S. Woodger
16. Corbet, p.243
17. Roskell et al, CORBET, Robert (1383–1420), of Moreton Corbet, Salop. – Author: L. S. Woodger
18. Grazebrook and Rylands, p.135
19. Roskell et al, CORBET, Roger (d.1430), of Shrewsbury and 'Culseys', Salop – Author: L. S. Woodger

References

G C Baugh, C R Elrington (Editors), A P Baggs, D C Cox, Jessie McFall, P A Stamper, A J L Winchester, A History of the County of Shropshire: Volume 11: Telford, Institute of Historical Research, 1985, accessed 28 November 2013.

G C Baugh, C R Elrington (Editors), D C Cox, J R Edwards, R C Hill, Ann J Kettle, R Perren, Trevor Rowley, P A Stamper, A History of the County of Shropshire: Volume 4: Agriculture, Institute of Historical Research, 1989, accessed 28 November 2013.

Augusta Elizabeth Brickdale Corbet, The family of Corbet; its life and times, Volume 2, St. Catherine Press, London, no date, at Internet Archive, accessed 3 October 2013.

George Grazebrook and John Paul Rylands (editors), 1889: The visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623: Part I by Robert Tresswell, Somerset Herald, and Augustine Vincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant of arms; marshals and deputies to William Camden, Clarenceux king of arms. With additions from the pedigrees of Shropshire gentry taken by the heralds in the years 1569 and 1584, and other sources. Accessed 27 November 2013 at Internet Archive.

J.S. Roskell, L. Clark, C. Rawcliffe, History of Parliament Online, Ref Volumes: 1386–1421, History of Parliament Trust, 1994, accessed 27 November 2013.