Rossmann fold

An example of the Rossmann fold, a structural domain of a decarboxylase protein from the bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis (PDB ID 1G5Q) with the bound flavin mononucleotide cofactor shown.

The Rossmann fold is a protein structural motif found in proteins that bind nucleotides, such as enzyme cofactors FAD, NAD, and NADP.^[1] The structure is composed of up to seven mostly parallel beta strands. The first two strands are connected by an α- helix. The structures of segments between additional strands vary greatly and may include structures such as short helical segments and coils.^[1]

The motif is named for Michael Rossmann, who first pointed out that this is a frequently occurring motif in nucleotide binding proteins, such as dehydrogenases.^[2]

In 1989, Israel Hanukoglu from the Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that the consensus sequence for NADP binding site in some enzymes that utilize NADP differs from the NAD binding motif.^[3] This discovery was used to re-engineer coenzyme specificities of enzymes.^[4]

References

1. Hanukoglu I (2015). "Proteopedia: Rossmann fold: A beta-alpha-beta fold at dinucleotide binding sites". Biochem Mol Biol Educ 43 (3): 206–9. doi:10.1002/bmb.20849. PMID 25704928.
2. Rao ST, Rossmann MG (May 1973). "Comparison of super-secondary structures in proteins". Journal of Molecular Biology 76 (2): 241–56. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(73)90388-4. PMID 4737475.
3. Hanukoglu I, Gutfinger T (Mar 1989). "cDNA sequence of adrenodoxin reductase. Identification of NADP-binding sites in oxidoreductases". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS 180 (2): 479–84. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14671.x. PMID 2924777.
4. Scrutton NS, Berry A, Perham RN (Jan 1990). "Redesign of the coenzyme specificity of a dehydrogenase by protein engineering". Nature 343 (6253): 38–43. doi:10.1038/343038a0. PMID 2296288.

External links

• Proteopedia page on the Rossmann folds