Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.4a

S.E.4a
Role	Scout aircraft
National origin	United Kingdom
Manufacturer	Royal Aircraft Factory
First flight	25 June 1915
Retired	1917
Primary user	Royal Flying Corps
Number built	4
Developed from	Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.4

The Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.4a was an experimental British single-engined scout aircraft of the First World War. Four S.E.4a aircraft were built, being used for research purposes and as home-defence fighters by the Royal Flying Corps. In spite of its type number it had little or no relationship to the earlier S.E.4

Development and design

In 1915, Henry Folland of the Royal Aircraft Factory designed a new single-engined scout aircraft, the S.E.4a. While it had a similar designation to Folland's earlier Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.4 of 1914, which had been designed to be the fastest aircraft in the world, the S.E.4a was fundamentally a new aircraft, intended to investigate the relationship between stability and manoeuvrability, and for possible operational use.^[1]

The resulting design was a single-engined, single bay biplane. The fuselage structure was of mixed construction, with a steel tube forward section and a wooden box-girder rear section.^[2] The first prototype's fuselage was smoothly faired out to a circular section using formers and stringers, with the forward fuselage back to the cockpit covered in metal skinning and the rear fuselage fabric covered.^[3] The wood and fabric single-bay wings, unlike the S.E.4, had noticeable stagger between the upper and lower wings, but were fitted with similar, full span control surfaces which could be moved differentially as ailerons or together as camber changing flaps, to those used on the S.E.4.^[3]^[4]

The first prototype's engine, an 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome rotary engine, was mounted within a smooth cowling driving a two-bladed propeller fitted with a large, blunt spinner. This was found to lead to engine overheating and was replaced by a more conventional arrangement.^[5]

The remaining three prototypes had simpler structures, with flat-sided fuselages, and many of the drag reducing features of the first prototype omitted. They were powered by a range of engines of similar power to that used in the first prototype, including Clerget and Le Rhône rotaries.^[4]

Operational history

The first prototype flew on 25 June 1915,^[4] with the remaining three aircraft all having flown by mid August.^[6] The S.E.4a proved easy to fly, demonstrating excellent aerobatic capabilities,^[7] but were overweight and underpowered, and was not developed further.^[8]

Two of the aircraft, armed with a Lewis gun mounted above the upper wing were issued to Home Defence squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps in the winter of 1915-16, based at Hounslow Heath Aerodrome and Joyce Green. One of these was lost in a fatal crash on 24 September 1915. The third prototype remained in use for trials purposes until September 1917.^[8]^[9]

Specifications

Data from The British Fighter since 1912 ^[5]

General characteristics

Crew: 1
Length: 20 ft 10 in (6.35 m)
Wingspan: 27 ft 5 in (8.36 m)
Height: 9ft 5 in (2.87 m)
Powerplant: 1 × Le Rhône rotary engine, 80 hp (60 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 90 mph (67 knots, 145 km/h) at sea level

Armament

Guns: Provision for 1× .303 in Lewis gun above upper wing

References

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↑ Bruce 1968, pp. 72—73.
↑ Bruce 1968, p.73.
1 2 Lewis 1979, pp. 54—55.
1 2 3 Bruce 1982, p.469.
1 2 Mason 1992, p.32.
↑ Bruce 1968, p.74.
↑ Bruce 1957, p.444.
1 2 Bruce 1982, p.470.
↑ Bruce 1968, p.75.

Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London:Putnam, 1957.
Bruce J.M. War Planes of the First World War: Volume Two Fighters. London:Macdonald, 1968. ISBN 0-356-01473-8.
Bruce, J.M. The Aeroplanes of the Royal Flying Corps (Military Wing). London:Putnam, 1982. ISBN 0-370-30084-X.
Lewis, Peter. The British Fighter since 1912. London:Putnam, Fourth edition, 1979. ISBN 0-370-10049-2.
Mason, Francis K. The British Fighter since 1912. Annapolis, USA:Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-082-7.

Royal Aircraft Factory designed aircraft

Armoured Experimental	A.E.1 A.E.2 A.E.3

Blériot Experimental	B.E.1 B.E.2 B.E.3 B.E.4 B.E.5 B.E.6 B.E.7 B.E.8 B.E.9 B.E.10 B.E.11 B.E.12

Blériot Scout	B.S.1 B.S.2

Coastal Experimental	C.E.1

Farman Experimental Fighting Experimental	F.E.1 F.E.2 F.E.3 F.E.4 F.E.6 F.E.7 F.E.8 F.E.9 F.E.10 F.E.11 F.E.12

Night Experimental	N.E.1

Reconnaissance Experimental	R.E.1 R.E.2 R.E.3 R.E.5 R.E.7 R.E.8 R.E.9

Santos Experimental Scout Experimental	S.E.1 S.E.2 S.E.3 S.E.4 S.E.4a S.E.5 S.E.6 S.E.7

Tatin Experimental	T.E.1

Airships	Nulli Secundis Baby/Beta Gamma Delta Eta

Aviation in World War I

People and aircraft	Commanders Aces Aircraft of the Entente Powers Aircraft of the Central Powers Zeppelins

Campaigns and battles	Strategic bombing German Cuxhaven Bombing of cities Aerial reconnaissance Fokker Scourge Flight over Vienna Bloody April Battles

Entente Powers air services	British air services Royal Flying Corps Royal Naval Air Service Royal Air Force Australian Flying Corps Canadian Air Force (1918–20) French Air Service Imperial Russian Air Service Royal Italian Air Corps United States Army Air Service Greek air services Army Air Service Naval Air Service

Central Powers air services	Imperial German Air Service Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops Ottoman Aviation Squadrons Bulgarian Army Aeroplane Section

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Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.4a

Development and design

Operational history

Specifications

See also

References