Royal Society for the Protection of Birds

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
Conservation charity
Founded 1889 (1889), Fletcher Moss Botanical Garden, Manchester
Headquarters The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire
2 Lochside View, Edinburgh
Area served
 United Kingdom
Key people
Revenue Increase £88.28 million GBP (2006)[1]
Increase £69.7 million GBP (2006)[1]
Decrease £3.68 million GBP (2006)[1]
Number of employees
Slogan Giving Nature a Home[2]
Website www.rspb.org.uk

The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is a charitable organisation registered in the United Kingdom.[3][4] It was founded as the Plumage League in 1889 by Emily Williamson. It works to promote conservation and protection of birds and the wider environment through public awareness campaigns, petitions and through the operation of nature reserves throughout the United Kingdom.[5]

The RSPB has over 1300 employees, 18,000 volunteers and more than 1 million members (including 195,000 youth members), making it the largest wildlife conservation charity in Europe.[6] The RSPB has many local groups and maintains 200 nature reserves.[7]

History

Plaque at Fletcher Moss Park, Manchester, commemorating the foundation of the RSPB

The Plumage League[8] was founded in 1889 by Emily Williamson at her house in Didsbury, Manchester, (now in Fletcher Moss Botanical Garden),[9] as a protest group campaigning against the use of great crested grebe and kittiwake skins and feathers in fur clothing. The group gained popularity and eventually amalgamated with the Fur and Feather League in Croydon to form the Society for the Protection of Birds.[10] The Society gained its Royal Charter in 1904.[11]

The original members of the RSPB were all women who campaigned against the fashion of the time for women to wear exotic feathers in hats, and to this end the Society had two simple rules:[10]

  • That Members shall discourage the wanton destruction of Birds, and interest themselves generally in their protection
  • That Lady-Members shall refrain from wearing the feathers of any bird not killed for purposes of food, the ostrich only excepted.
    — RSPB rules, 1899

At the time of founding, the trade in plumage for use in hats was very large: in the first quarter of 1884, almost 7,000 bird-of-paradise skins were being imported to Britain, along with 0.4 million birds from West India and Brazil, and 0.36 million birds from East India.[12]

The Society attracted support from some women of high social standing who belonged to the social classes that popularised the wearing of feathered hats, including the Duchess of Portland (who became the Society's first President) and the Ranee of Sarawak. As the organisation began to attract the support of many other influential figures, both male and female, such as the ornithologist Professor Alfred Newton, it gained in popularity and attracted many new members. The society received a Royal Charter in 1904[13] from Edward VII, just 15 years after its founding, and was instrumental in petitioning the Parliament of the United Kingdom to introduce laws banning the use of plumage in clothing.[9]

At the time that the Society was founded in Britain, similar societies were also founded in other European countries.[14] In 1961, the society acquired The Lodge in Sandy, Bedfordshire as its new headquarters.[9]

Activities

Today, the RSPB works with both the civil service and the Government to advise Government policies on conservation and environmentalism.[15] It is one of several organisations that determine the official conservation status list for all birds found in the UK.

Reserves

South Stack reserve, Anglesey, with Ellin's Tower, housing a visitor centre

The RSPB maintains over 200 reserves throughout the United Kingdom,[7] covering a wide range of habitats, from estuaries and mudflats to urban habitats.[16] The reserves often have bird hides provided for birdwatchers and many provide visitor centres, which include information about the wildlife that can be seen there.[17]

Awards

The RSPB confers awards, including the President's Award, for volunteers who make a notable contribution to the work of the society.

RSPB Medal

The RSPB say:

The RSPB Medal is the Society's most prestigious award. It is presented to an individual in recognition of wild bird protection and countryside conservation. It is usually awarded annually to one or occasionally two people.[18]
Recipients

Recipients of the medal, first awarded in 1908,[19] include:

Magazines

The RSPB has published a members-only magazine for over a century.

Bird Notes

Bird Notes  

Cover of Autumn 1946 issue of Bird Notes, Vol. 23, No. 3
Discipline Ornithology
Language English
Publication details
Publisher
RSPB (United Kingdom)
Publication history
 1903 (1903)-1966
Indexing
ISSN 0406-3392
Advert for Bird Notes and News from the March 1934 edition of North Western Naturalist magazine. Note early logo.

Bird Notes and News (ISSN 0406-3392) was first published in April 1903.

The title changed to Bird Notes in 1947. In the 1950s, there were four copies per year (one for each season, published on the 1st of each third month, March, June, September and December). Each volume covered two years, spread over three calendar years. For example, volume XXV (25), number one was dated Winter 1951, and number eight in the same volume was dated Autumn 1953.

From the mid-1950s, many of the covers were by Charles Tunnicliffe. Two of the originals are on long-term loan to the Tunnicliffe gallery at Oriel Ynys Môn, but in 1995 the RSPB sold 114 at a Sotheby's auction, raising £210,000, the most expensive being a picture of a partridge which sold for £6,440.[25]

From January 1964 (vol. 31, no. 1), publication increased to six per year, (issued in the odd-numbered months, January, March and so on, but dated "January–February", "March–April", etc.). Volumes again covered two years, so vol. 30, covering 1962–63, therefore included nine issues, ending with the "Winter 1963–64" edition instead of eight. The final edition, vol. 31 no. 12, was published in late 1965.

Editors
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Birds

Birds  
Discipline Ornithology
Language English
Edited by Mark Ward
Publication details
Publisher
RSPB (United Kingdom)
Publication history
 1966 (1966)–2013 (2013)
Frequency Quarterly
Indexing
ISSN 1367-983X
Links

Bird Notes' successor Birds (ISSN 1367-983X) replaced it immediately, with volume 1, number 1 being the January–February 1966 edition. Issues were published quarterly, numbered so that a new volume started every other year.

The Autumn 2013 edition, dated August–October 2013, being vol. 25 no. 7, was the last.[26]

Editors

Birds had eleven credited editors during its 47-year, 199 edition run. There were some dual editorships at times of change-over.

Nature's Home

Nature's Home  
Discipline Ornithology
Language English
Edited by Mark Ward
Publication details
Publisher
RSPB (United Kingdom)
Publication history
 2013 (2013)–present
Frequency Quarterly
Indexing
ISSN 2054-3433
Links

In Winter 2013 Birds was replaced by a new magazine, Nature's Home.[27] The editor was Mark Ward.[28] The magazine had an ABC-certified circulation of 600,885.[28]

Junior divisions

The RSPB has two separate groups for children and teenagers: Wildlife Explorers (founded in 1943 as the Junior Bird Recorders' Club; from 1965–2000 the Young Ornithologists Club or YOC[9]) and RSPB Phoenix. Wildlife Explorers is targeted at children aged between 8 and 12, although it also has some younger members,[29] and has two different magazines: Wild Times for the under 8s and Bird Life for those over 8. RSPB Phoenix is aimed at teenagers, and produces Wingbeat magazine, although members also receive Bird Life magazine.[30] The RSPB is a member of The National Council for Voluntary Youth Services.[31]

Big Garden Birdwatch

RSPB organises bird record data collection in annual collective birdwatching days in Britain. RSPB claims this is the "world's biggest wildlife survey" and helps that society to get a better knowledge on bird population trends in Britain.[32] That activity was launched in 1979 as an activity for kids, although from 2001 is a survey open to adults too. In 2011 over 600,000 people took part, being only 37% RSPB's members. The usual date for this birdwatching collective activity is the January's last weekend. From the start of this annual survey records for sparrows show a decline of 60%, while starling population's decline is about 80% from 1979 to 2012.[32]

BirdTrack

BirdTrack is an online citizen science website, operated by the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) on behalf of a partnership of the BTO, the RSPB, BirdWatch Ireland, the Scottish Ornithologists' Club and the Welsh Ornithological Society (Welsh: Cymdeithas Adaryddol Cymru).[33][34]

Finances

The RSPB is funded primarily by its members; in 2006, over 50% of the society's £88 million income came from subscriptions, donations and legacies, worth a total of £ 53.669 million.[1] As a registered charity, the organisation is entitled to gift aid worth an extra £0.28 on every £1.00 donated by income tax payers.[35] It also receives contractual payments from clean energy utilities and financiers of renewable energy solutions, when its members sign up as clients.[36] The bulk of the income (£63.757 million in 2006) is spent on conservation projects, maintenance of the reserves and on education projects, with the rest going on fundraising efforts and reducing the pension deficit, worth £19.8 million in 2006.

False advertising

In 2015, the RSPB was forced to withdraw claims that it "was spending 90 per cent of its income on conservation" by the UK Advertising Standards Authority, which said that the true figure was closer to 26%.[37]

Presidents

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Winifred Cavendish-Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, painted by Philip Alexius de László in 1912

Chief officers

Over time, the organisation's chief officers have been given different titles.

[9][38]

Associate organisations

The RSPB is a member of Wildlife and Countryside Link.[41] The RSPB is the UK Partner of BirdLife International[42] and manages the South Atlantic Invasive Species Project on behalf of the partner governments.

See also

Notes

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RSPB Annual Report, 2005–2006. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  2. ↑ "RSPB website". Rspb.org.uk. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  3. ↑ Charity Commission. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, registered charity no. 207076.
  4. ↑ Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Registered Charity no. SC037654 at the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator
  5. ↑ "What does the RSPB do?". RSPB. Archived from the original on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  6. ↑ "About the RSPB". RSPB. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  7. 1 2 "Reserves". RSPB. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
  8. ↑ Penna (1999), p. 99.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 "Milestones". RSPB. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  10. 1 2 "History of the RSPB". RSPB. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  11. ↑ "Charter and Statutes". RSPB. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  12. ↑ Adams (2004), p. 189.
  13. ↑ http://www.rspb.org.uk/whatwedo/history/index.aspx
  14. ↑ Boardman (2006), p. 36.
  15. ↑ "Working Together: Government". RSPB. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  16. ↑ "Reserves by habitat". RSPB. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
  17. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". RSPB. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
  18. 1 2 3 Reynolds, James (2007-08-23). "Gifted naturalist is awarded prestigious RSPB medal". RSPB. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Independent journalist wins RSPB medal". Birdwatch. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 Avery, Mark (2011-10-10). "Top scientist slams government". Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  21. ↑ "Robert returns to his roots". Henley Standard. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  22. ↑ "Speaker Profiles" (PDF). Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  23. 1 2 "Aberdeen graduate bags prestigious RSPB Medal". University of Aberdeen. 2007-08-30. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  24. ↑ "The Prince of Wales Receives Medal". KFW. March 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  25. ↑ RSPB Birds magazine, Vol 16 No 01, February–April 1996, page 10
  26. ↑ Ward, Mark (Autumn 2013). "Introducing your new magazine, Nature's Voice". Birds 25 (7). ISSN 1367-983X.
  27. ↑ Ward, Mark (30 September 2013). "Nature's Home is coming...". RSPB. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  28. 1 2 Nature's Home (Winter 2013). Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ↑ "About youth groups". RSPB. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
  30. ↑ "Gift Membership". RSPB. Retrieved 20 February 2007.
  31. ↑ "Full list of NCVYS members". Ncvys.org.uk. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  32. 1 2 Birds. Spring 2013 vol. 25, nº5. February – April 2013. page 18.
  33. ↑ "BirdTrack partners". British Trust for Ornithology. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  34. ↑ "Bird Track". National Biodiversity Network. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  35. ↑ "Gift Aid". RSPB. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  36. ↑ Dellingpole, James (7 April 2013). "RSPB makes a killing... from windfarm giants behind turbines accused of destroying rare birds". Daily Mail. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  37. ↑ Knowsley, Jo (24 May 2015). "I'll sue RSPB for libel after charity's incompetence and misleading ads, says former cricketer Sir Ian Botham". Daily Mail.
  38. 1 2 3 RSPB Birds magazine, Vol 13 No 7, Autumn 1991
  39. ↑ Jamieson, Alastair (3 October 2009). "Springwatch star Kate Humble appointed president of RSPB". www.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
  40. ↑ Hogg, Gemma (12 October 2013). "Miranda Krestovnikoff becomes RSPB President".
  41. ↑ "Wildlife and Countryside Link, Our members". Wcl.org.uk. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  42. ↑ "RSPB, Our partnership with BirdLife International". Rspb.org.uk. Retrieved 2014-01-31.

Bibliography

  • Adams, William Mark (2004). Against Extinction: The Story of Conservation. Earthscan. ISBN 978-1-84407-055-8. 
  • Boardman, Robert (2006). The International Politics of Bird Conservation: Biodiversity, Regionalism And Global Governance. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84542-403-9. 
  • Penna, Anthony N. (1999). Nature's Bounty: Historical and Modern Environmental Perspectives. M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-0187-2. 

External links

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