Rugaspidiotina
| Rugaspidiotina | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Superfamily: | Coccoidea |
| Family: | Diaspididae |
| Subfamily: | Diaspidinae |
| Tribe: | various |
| Subtribe: | Rugaspidiotina |
Rugaspidiotina is an obsolete subtribe of armored scale insects. It was established by Balachowsky in 1949 to accept those Diaspidinae which had rugaspidiotine characteristics as exemplified by genus Rugaspidiotus MacGillivray, species Rugaspidiotus arizonicus (Cockerell, 1900),[1] and was moved from the Odonaspidini to the Diaspidini by Borchsenius.[2] It was raised to tribe status as Rugaspidiotini.[3] However, close examination of species assigned to the Rugaspidiotini showed that the rugaspidiotine characteristics convergently evolved in different groups of diaspidids.[4][5] Rugaspidiotini and Rugaspidiotina are now regarded as obsolete groupings.[6]
Former genera
Most of the former members of the tribe or subtribe are currently "tribally unplaced".[7]
- Adiscodiaspis
- Crassaspis in the Diaspidini
- Discodiaspis Koroneos, 1934, in the Diaspidini
- Nimbaspis
- Osiraspis
- Poliaspoides now in the Kuwanaspidina
- Pygalataspis
- Ramachandraspis
- Rugaspidiotinus
- Rugaspidiotus
- Rugpapuaspis
References
- ↑ Balachowsky, Alfred Serge (1949). "Sur un Rugaspidiotus (Coccoidea-Odonaspidini) nouveau d'Oranie". Bulletin de la Société d'histoire naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord (in French) 40: 107–110.
- ↑ Борхсениус, Николай С. (Borchsenius, Nikolai S.) (1966). Каталог щитовок (Диаспидоидеа) мировой фауны (A catalogue of the armoured scale insects (Diaspidoidea) of the world) (in Russian). Moscow: Академия наук СССР – Зоологический институт (Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences). p. 150.
- ↑ Takagi, Sadao (1983). "The scale insect genus Smilacicola, with particular reference to atavistic polymorphism in the second instar (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae)" (PDF). Insecta matsumurana (new series) 27: 1–36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2014.
- 1 2 Takagi, Sadao; FangTeh, Tang; Yaşar, Bulent and Kondo, Takumasa (1997). "Further forms for the Rugaspidiotini-problem (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae)" (PDF). Insecta Matsumurana 53: 81–116.
- ↑ Takagi, Sadao and Martin, Jon H. (2010). "A new scale insect genus from Hong Kong: another clue to the Rugaspidiotini-problem (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Diaspididae)" (PDF). Insecta matsumurana (new series) 66: 37–55.
- ↑ Andersen, Jeremy C.; et al. (2010). "A phylogenetic analysis of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), based upon nuclear, mitochondrial, and endosymbiont gene sequences" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 57 (3): 992–1003. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.002. PMID 20460159. Archived from the original on 29 December 2013.
- 1 2 Morse, Geoffrey E., and Normark, Benjamin B. (2006). "A molecular phylogenetic study of armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)" (PDF). Systematic Entomology 31 (2): 338–349, page 340. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00316.x.