Spring steel

Spring steel is a name given to a wide range of steels[1] used widely in the manufacture of springs, prominently in Automotive and Industrial suspension applications. These steels are generally low-alloy, medium-carbon steel or high-carbon steel with a very high yield strength. This allows objects made of spring steel to return to their original shape despite significant deflection or twisting.

Grades

Many grades of steel can be hardened and tempered to suit application as a spring, however some steels exhibit more desirable characteristics for spring applications.

Common Spring steel grades
SAE grade (ASTM grade) Composition Yield strength Typical hardness [HRC] Maximum hardness [HRC] Comments
1074/1075[2] 0.70–0.80% C, 0.50–0.80% Mn, max. 0.030% P, max. 0.035% S[3] 62-78 ksi (430-530 MPa)[4] 44–50[5] 50 Scaleless blue steel
1080 (A228) 0.7-1.0% C, 0.2-0.6% Mn, 0.1-0.3% Si[6] Piano wire, Music wire
1095 (A684)[2] 0.90–1.03% C, 0.30–0.50% Mn, max. 0.030% P, max. 0.035% S[7] 60–75 ksi (413–517 MPa) Annealed 48–51[5] 59 Blue spring steel
5160 (A689)[8] 0.55–0.65% C, 0.75–1.00% Mn, 0.70–0.90% Cr[9] 97 ksi (669 MPa) 63 Chrome-silicon spring steel; fatigue-resistant
50CrV4 (EN 10277) 0.47-0.55% C, max. 1.10% Mn, 0.90-1.20% Cr, 0.10-0.20% V, max. 0.40% Si 1200 MPa Old British "735 steel"
9255 0.50–0.60% C, 0.70–0.95% Mn, 1.80–2.20% Si[9]
301 Spring-tempered stainless steel (A666)[10] 0.08–0.15% C, max. 2.00% Mn, 16.00–18.00% Cr, 6.00–8.00% Ni[9] 147 ksi (1014 MPa) 42

Applications

See also

References

  1. Engineering.com (2006-10-23). "Springs".
  2. 1 2 McMaster-Carr catalog (116th ed.), McMaster-Carr, p. 3630, retrieved 3 September 2010.
  3. "74-75 Carbon Spring Steel". Precision Steel Warehouse. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
  4. "SAE-AISI 1074 (G10740) Carbon Steel". MakeItFrom.com. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  5. 1 2 http://www.admiralsteel.com/pdf/catalog.pdf
  6. "ASTM A228 (SWP-A, K08500) Music Wire". MakeItFrom.com. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  7. "95 Carbon Spring Steel". Precision Steel Warehouse. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
  8. McMaster-Carr catalog (116th ed.), McMaster-Carr, p. 3632, retrieved 3 September 2010.
  9. 1 2 3 Oberg, Erik, and F D. Jones. Machinery's Handbook. 15th ed. New York: The Industrial Press, 1956. 1546–1551. Print.
  10. McMaster-Carr catalog (116th ed.), McMaster-Carr, p. 3662, retrieved 3 September 2010.
  11. Oberg et al. 2000, p. 286.

Bibliography


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