SS Duchess of York (1928)
 Duchess of York | |
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name: | SS Duchess of York |
| Namesake: | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Duchess of York |
| Owner: |
 Canadian Pacific Steamships |
| Port of registry: |
London,  UK |
| Route: | Liverpool to Quebec, Montreal (Apr-Nov), Liverpool to Saint John, New Brunswick(Nov-Apr) |
| Builder: | John Brown & Company, Clydebank |
| Yard number: | 524[1] |
| Launched: | 28 September 1928[1] |
| Completed: | March 1929 |
| Maiden voyage: | 22 March 1929 |
| Fate: | Crippled by German air attack 11 July 1943 and sunk the next day by the Royal Navy |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type: |
|
| Tonnage: | 20,021 GRT |
| Length: | 183 m (600 ft)[2] |
| Beam: | 22.9 m (75 ft)[1] |
| Propulsion: | Geared turbines, twin screw |
| Speed: | 18 kn (33 km/h)[1] |
| Capacity: | 580 cabin class, 480 tourist, 510 3rd |
| Crew: | 510 |
SS Duchess of York was a 20,021 ton ocean liner operated by the Canadian Pacific Steamship Company. Built in 1928 in Clydebank by the shipbuilders John Brown & Company, she was originally intended to be named Duchess of Cornwall. However agreement was reached with Red Funnel company to swap names with the latter's paddle steamer Duchess of York, launched in 1896.[3]
She was sunk in 1943 off Spain after being damaged by long range German bombers.
Pre-war service
Duchess of York was one of the several sturdy Canadian Pacific liners which were known as "Drunken Duchesses" for their lively performance in heavy seas.[4] She was built as a sister ship to the SS Duchess of Bedford, the SS Duchess of Atholl, and the SS Duchess of Richmond. The vessel was created for transatlantic service;[5] and she was employed on the Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal route. During the winter months when the St. Lawrence was frozen (typically November to April), she sailed to Saint John, New Brunswick.
Her first captain between 1929 and 1934 was Ronald Niel Stuart, VC whose impressive First World War service record entitled him to fly the Blue Ensign whilst he was aboard. Following his departure, the liner was employed briefly on the New York CIty to Bermuda route before returning to her original passage.
War service and loss
In 1940, Duchess of York left Greenock on 27 July 1940, bound for Halifax taking evacuated children under the Children's Overseas Reception Board. She returned to England and made a second trip taking another batch of children from Liverpool on 10 August 1940, bound for Canada.[6]
She was recommissioned by the British Admiralty as a troopship and used early in the war to transport Canadian soldiers to Britain, returning to Canada carrying RAF aircrew and German prisoners of war (among them legendary escapee Franz von Werra in early January 1941). On 9 July 1943, she sailed Greenock as part of the small, fast Convoy Faith, for Freetown, Sierra Leone, in company with the SS California and the merchant ship Port Fairy.
Two days later, the convoy was about 300 miles west of Vigo when it was attacked by three Focke-Wulf Fw 200 aircraft of Kampfgeschwader 40[7] based at Merignac near Bordeaux. The accurate high-altitude bombing left both Duchess of York and California blazing.[8] Her escorts HMCS Iroquois, HMS Douglas and HMS Moyola, together with Port Fairy, rescued all but twenty seven from the ship. Fearing the flames from the ships would attract U boats, Duchess of York and California were sunk by Royal Navy torpedoes in position 41°15′N 15°24′W / 41.250°N 15.400°W[9] in the early hours of 12 July.[8]
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 "1161202". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 21 June 2009. (subscription required (help)).
- ↑ "SS Duchess of York at the Clyde Built Database". Retrieved 23 June 2009.
- ↑ Adams R B. [1986] Red Funnel and Before, Kingfisher Publications
- ↑ Buchan, William. (1982) John Buchan: a Memoir, p. 224.
- ↑ Ships List: Canadian Pacific fleet, SS Duchess of York
- ↑ Pier 21 Halifax
- ↑ "Mercantile Marine.com". Retrieved 20 June 2008.
- 1 2 "Maritime Disasters of World War II". Retrieved 20 June 2008.
- ↑ "Wrecksite.eu website – SS California". Retrieved 25 June 2008.
References
- Musk, George. (1981). Canadian Pacific: The Story of the Famous Shipping Line. Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7968-2
- Tate, E. Mowbray. (1986). Transpacific Steam: The Story of Steam Navigation from the Pacific Coast of North America to the Far East and the Antipodes, 1867–1941. New York: Cornwall Books. ISBN 978-0-8453-4792-8 (cloth)
External links
- Sea Rescue, SS Duchess of York
- Ships of Bermuda, SS Duchess of York
- Photographs of SS Duchess of York
| ||||||||||