SS Henry Steinbrenner

Henry Steinbrenner, center, at Soo Locks, c. 1905
History
Name:	Henry Steinbrenner
Namesake:	Father of former New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner
Owner:	Kinsman Transit Co., Cleveland, Ohio
Operator:	Kinsman Transit Co., Cleveland, Ohio
Port of registry:	United States
Builder:	Jenks Ship Building Co. Port Huron, Michigan
Launched:	September 28, 1901
Identification:	US 96584
Fate:	Lost in a storm on May 11, 1953
General characteristics
Class & type:	Lake freighter Straight Deck
Tonnage:	4719 tons
Length:	427 ft (130 m)
Beam:	50 ft (15 m)
Depth:	28 ft (8.5 m)
Propulsion:	Scotch boilers, steam reciprocating triple expansion engine with 23 inches (580 mm), 38 inches (970 mm), and 63 inches (1,600 mm) diameter bores and a 40 inches (1,000 mm) stroke, single fixed pitch propeller.
Speed:	12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Capacity:	~6500 tons
Crew:	30

The Great Lakes freighter SS Henry Steinbrenner was a 427 feet (130 m) long, 50 feet (15 m) wide, and 28 feet (8.5 m) deep(4}, dry bulk freighter of typical construction style for the early 1900s primary designed for the iron ore, coal, and grain trades on the Great Lakes. Commissioned by the Kinsman Transit Co. of Cleveland, Ohio she was launched as hull number 14 by Jenks Ship Building Co. of Port Huron, Michigan.^[1] Her design featured a forward forecastle containing crew cabins topped with an additional cabin and pilot house. The mid section was a long nearly flat deck over the cargo holds only interrupted by 12 hatches fitted with telescoping type hatch covers. The aft end featured a large cabin situated over the engine room containing the galley, mess rooms, and crew quarters and was topped with a smoke stack and air vents. The Steinbrenner later featured a "doghouse" cabin aft of her smoke stack to house added crew from a change in the crew watch system on the Great Lakes.^[1]

Career

The Steinbrenner had an eventful first two decades on the Great Lakes. On December 6, 1909 the Steinbrenner was downbound loaded with iron ore when she was involved in a collision on St. Marys River with the nearly new SS Harry A. Berwind. The Steinbrenner sank in the river and was declared a total constructive loss, but was recovered on May 10, 1910, repaired and returned to service.(4} She would resume a rather uneventful pattern of trading until she once again collided with another ship. This time she struck the SS John McCartney Kennedy in a foggy Whitefish Bay but managed to stay afloat. After $5000 in repairs, she once again resumed trading.^[1]

Final Voyage

At 5:11 AM on May 10, 1953, the 52-year-old ship left Superior, Wisconsin, with nearly 7000 tons of iron ore for the steel mills on Lake Erie. Weather conditions were good at the time but forecasts called for rougher weather later in the day. Leaving despite unfavorable forecasts wasn't rare for captains of this time. Weather reports were less accurate than modern forecasts and most captains and crews had endured several storms during their careers.

Later that afternoon the Steinbrenner met with the forecast gale as strong winds and large waves buffeted the vessel. Although he secured his ship's deck, Captain Albert Stiglin did not have his crew place tarpaulins on the twelve leaf-type "Telescoping" hatch covers; since these were not watertight, they allowed some water to seep into the cargo holds. Around 8 pm one of the leaves on the number 11 hatch worked loose and allowed water to pour into the hold. Crew members were dispatched to secure the cover but, as the storm intensified, 80 mph winds and large waves worked the leaf loose again. Complicating the issue, doors and vents were being forced open by the storm.^[2] Conditions were now too treacherous to send crews out on deck. Pumps were started but the flooding continued. Captain Stiglin tried to keep the waves from causing more damage but by morning other hatch covers had worked loose and the ship staggered to make headway. After a few more maneuvers it became all too apparent that the ship was doomed. Shortly after 7:00 AM on May 11, 1953, an SOS was broadcast. At 7:35 AM, an abandon ship signal was blown on the whistle and the crew mustered at the forward life raft, and the aft lifeboats. As the ship settled in the water, confusion took hold and several men ended up in the water or were injured. The vessel sank quickly fifteen miles south of Isle Royale Light.^[3] Alerted by the SOS, the steamers Wilfred Sykes, Joseph H. Thompson (then the largest ship on the lakes), D.M. Clemson, D.G. Kerr, William E. Corey, and the Canadian ship Hochelaga, conducted a search for survivors. The Joseph H. Thompson found the life raft and 6 men taking refuge in it. The D.M. Clemson, under the command of Captain Arthur M. Everett, found one life boat. In heavy winds and rough seas, Captain Everett carefully maneuvered the Clemson to put the lifeboat in the ship's lee and then had the survivors lifted aboard with ropes. The men were then taken to the Captain's quarters where they were given warm food and dry clothes.^[4] The Wilfred Sykes rescued the men of the other life boat.^[2][5]

Aftermath

In the end 17 men were lost in the tragedy. Fingers were pointed at the crew for not using the tarpaulins on the hatches, but in a storm of that magnitude even the tarpaulins may not have been enough to keep the Henry Steinbrenner afloat. The loss of the Steinbrenner solidified the move by Great Lakes vessel operators to equip some of their older vessels with watertight single piece hatch covers during rebuilds. Examples of ships that saw this work included the SS L.E. Block, SS Willis B Boyer, and the SS George W. Perkins.

References

1. "Historical Collections of the Great Lakes". Bowling Green State University. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
2. Barry, James P. Wrecks and Rescues of the Great Lakes.
3. "Great Lakes and Seaway Shipping". Retrieved September 7, 2013.
4. Miller, Al. Tin Stackers: The History of the Pittsburgh Steamship Company.
5. Thompson, Mark L. Queen of the Lakes.