SS Prinz Eitel Friedrich (1904)
 SS Prinz Eitel Friedrich on 28 March 1917, interned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, Pennsylvania | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 German Empire
| |
| Name: | Prinz Eitel Friedrich |
| Builder: | Vulcan. Stettin |
| Launched: | 1904 |
| Commissioned: | 5 August 1914[1](p46) |
| Fate: | Interned 1915, seized 1917 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | |
| Length: | 153.3 m (503 ft) |
| Beam: | 16.9 m (55 ft) |
| Draught: | 7.1 m (23 ft) |
| Propulsion: | 2 × 4 cylinder expansion |
| Speed: | 15 kn (28 km/h) |
| Range: | 10,000 nm |
| Complement: | 402[1](p24) |
| Armament: |
|
SS Prinz Eitel Friedrich was a German passenger liner which saw service in the First World War as an auxiliary cruiser of the Imperial German Navy. Though largely overlooked, Prinz Eitel Friedrich was, after SS Kronprinz Wilhelm, the most successful of Germany’s first wave of auxiliary cruisers. She was able to remain at large for seven months, from August 1914 to March 1915, and sank 11 ships, for a total tonnage of 33,000 GRT.
Early career
Prinz Eitel Friedrich was built for the Norddeutscher Lloyd, a former shipping company of the Hapag-Lloyd, by the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin, in 1904. For the ten years prior to the First World War she served on NDL routes in the Far East. On the eve of war in August 1914 she was at Shanghai, with orders to proceed to the German naval base at Tsingtao for conversion as an auxiliary cruiser (hilfkreuzer).[2](p72)
Service history
At Tsingtao Prinz Eitel Friedrich was equipped for her role as a commerce raider, transferring the armaments and crews of the aging gunboats Luchs, and Tiger. KK Max Therichens, of Luchs, took command.
She was commissioned on 5 August 1914 and sailed from Tsingtao the same day to join company with Admiral Graf von Spee and the German East Asia Squadron. These were at Pagan in the Caroline Islands, and Prinz Eitel Friedrich arrived there on 12 August.
On 13 August she was detached for independent operations and a remit to attack and destroy allied commerce. She sailed south to start this mission along the coast of Australia.[2](p72)
In the following seven months she operated in the Pacific and South Atlantic, sinking 11 vessels, mostly sailing ships, for a total of 33,423 gross register tons (GRT).
In March 1915, with her bunkers nearly empty and her engines worn out, Prinz Eitel Friedrich headed for the neutral United States, and on 11 March 1915 sailed into Newport News harbour, to be interned.[2](p82)
Later career
In April 1917, on US entry into the war, Prinz Eitel Friedrich was seized by the US Navy and put in hand for conversion as a troopship. She was commissioned on 7 April 1917. as USS DeKalb (ID-3010) and served for the remainder of the war as a troopship on the trans Atlantic route. After the war she was returned to civilian service, as Mount Clay, before being scrapped and broken up in 1927.
Armament
Four 10.5 cm SK L/40 cannons. Two each mounted fore and aft. The port aft gun pictured at right.
An original SK L/40 naval gun from Prinz Eitel Friedrich can be seen at the Cambridge Memorial Park.[3]
Table
| Date | Ship | Type | Nationality | Tonnage GRT | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.12.1914 | Charcas | Freighter | British | 5,067 | Sunk |
| 11.12.1914 | Jean | Sailing ship | French | 2,207 | Retained as collier Scuttled 31.12.14 |
| 12.12.1914 | Kidalton | Sailing ship | British | 1,784 | Sunk |
| 26.1.1915 | Isabel Browne | Sailing ship | Russian | 1,315 | Sunk |
| 27.1.1915 | Pierre Lott | Sailing ship | French | 2,196 | Sunk |
| 27.1.1915 | William P Frye * | Sailing ship | American | 3,374 | Sunk |
| 28.1.1915 | Jacobsen | Sailing ship | French | 2,195 | Sunk |
| 12.2.1915 | Invercoe | Sailing ship | British | 1,421 | Sunk |
| 18.2.1915 | Mary Ada Short | Sailing ship | British | 3,605 | Sunk |
| 19.2.1915 | Floride | Freighter | French | 6,629 | Sunk |
| 20.2.1915 | Willerby | Freighter | British | 3,630 | Sunk |
- William P Frye was the first U.S. ship sunk during World War I. Its sinking urged the neutral U.S. to enter the war.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Schmalenbach, Paul (1979). German raiders: A history of auxiliary cruisers of the German Navy, 1895-1945 (First ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85059-351-4.
- 1 2 3 Halpern, Paul G. (1994). Naval History of World War I (2nd hardcover printing ; 1st paperback printing. ed.). London: U. C. L. P. ISBN 1-85728-295-7.
- ↑ Costello, Michael. "10.5 cm/40 SK L/40". NavWeaps, Naval Weapons, Naval Technology and Naval Reunions. Tony DiGiulian. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
External links
- Macina, Mark A. (1995). "6". The United States Versus Great Britain and Germany: American Diplomatic Correspondence and Efforts to Remain Neutral, 1914-1915. Fort Worth, Texas: Mark A. Macina. Retrieved 2 February 2016.