SS City of Paris (1865)
- This article is for the steamship that was briefly named Tonquin. For other sailing vessels of that name see Tonquin.
 Inman's City of Paris of 1866 | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom
| |
| Name: | City of Paris |
| Owner: | Inman Line |
| Route: | Atlantic crossing. |
| Builder: | Tod and Macgregor, Partick, Glasgow |
| Launched: | December 1865 |
| Fate: | Sold in 1884 to become the French Tonquin, lost 1885. |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | Steamship |
| Tonnage: | 2650 tons |
| Length: | 346 ft (105 m) |
| Beam: | 40 ft (12 m) |
| Sail plan: | 3 masts |
City of Paris was a British passenger liner operated by the Inman Line that established that a ship driven by a screw could match the speed of the paddlers on the Atlantic crossing. Built by Tod and Macgregor, she served the Inman Line until 1884 when she was converted to a cargo ship.[1]
Development and design
By the end of the American Civil War, Inman was the largest passenger steam ship line to America, and was known for its screw propelled ships that were economical, but not especially fast. When in 1862 Cunard commissioned Scotia, a paddle wheel Blue Riband holder, it also commissioned China, the first screw steamer in Cunard's express mail service. While China was only a knot slower than Scotia, China's coal consumption was only half of Scotia's while China carried more cargo. Cunard quickly ordered two additional screw steamers to partner the paddlers Scotia and Persia on the New York express route. Cunard also opened a secondary service for immigrants that directly competed against Inman. Inman countered Cunard by opening its own express service. With City of Paris, Tod and Macgregor started construction of five fast liners for Inman's Liverpool - New York route to rival the Cunard Line's best. In response, Cunard commissioned its own fast screw express liners, starting with Russia that replaced Persia in 1867.[1]
Service history
After entering service in 1866, City of Paris established herself as at least the equal of Cunard's Scotia. Gibbs credits City of Paris herself with the Blue Riband for a November 1866 westbound voyage from Queenstown to New York at 13.75 knots. However, most nautical historians list Scotia as the record holder for her 1862 voyage at 14.46 knots[2] that Gibbs discounts because Scotia claimed a particularly long track. In a famous February 1868 race, City of Paris and Russia sailed from New York within an hour of each other. The Inman liner claimed 8 days, 19 hours, 23 minutes to Queenstown, while the Cunarder required 42 minutes longer using a slightly different course.[1] In part because of Inman's success with ships such as City of Paris, in 1867 the British Post Office Government awarded the Inman Line with a share of the North Atlantic mail contract.[3] Throughout the 1870s, Inman's express service averaged lower passage times than Cunard's.[1]
After four years of service, City of Paris was lengthened to 397 feet and re-engined with compounds in response to innovative ships built for the White Star Line. This raised her tonnage to 3100 and her capacity to 150 cabin and 400 steerage. In 1879, she grounded outside Smithstown while trooping to South Africa. After her return, she was re-engined again. The City of Paris was relieved in 1883 in the express service by the City of Chicago and was sold to A Hoffnung & Co, London.[4][5] In March 1884 she was one of the ships to participate in the 1878 to 1911 wave of Portuguese immigration to Hawaii, when she arrived on 13 June 1884 in Honolulu Harbor with 824 immigrants from the Azores and Madeira Island of Portugal to work as contract labor in the Hawaiian sugarcane plantations]].[4][6][7] The ship was subsequently sold to French owners who chartered her to the French Government as Tonquin to carry troops from Marseille to Tonkin. However, en route to Marseille, she sank on 4 March 1885 off Malaga after collision with another French vessel, with the loss of the master and 23 crew.[1][5]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Gibbs, C. R. Vernon (1957). Passenger Liners of the Western Ocean: A Record of Atlantic Steam and Motor Passenger Vessels from 1838 to the Present Day. John De Graff.
- ↑ Kludas, Arnold (1999). Record breakers of the North Atlantic, Blue Riband Liners 1838-1953. London: Chatham.
- ↑ Bacon, Edwin M. (1911). Manual of Ship Subsidies.
- 1 2 "Steam to Honolulu and San Francisco". The Standard (18614) (London). 13 March 1884. p. 1.
- 1 2 "Fatal Collision at Sea". Manchester Times (1443) (Manchester). 7 March 1885. p. 5.
- ↑ Marques, Augustus (1886). Thrum, Thomas G., ed., ed. "Portuguese immigration to the Hawaiian Islands" (PDF). Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1887 - A Handbook of Information (Honolulu, Hawaii: Press Publishing Company): 74–78.
- ↑ Felix, John Henry and Senecal, Peter F. (1978). The Portuguese in Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii: self-published, Centennial edition limited to 2000 copies. pp. 27–30.