Tours Cathedral

Tours Cathedral
Cathedral of Saint Gatianus of Tours
French: Cathédrale Saint-Gatien de Tours
Tours Cathedral
47°23′44″N 0°41′40″E / 47.39556°N 0.69444°ECoordinates: 47°23′44″N 0°41′40″E / 47.39556°N 0.69444°E
Location	Tours, Indre-et-Loire
Country	France
Denomination	Roman Catholic
Website	www.paroisse-cathedrale-tours.catholique.fr
History
Dedication	Gatianus of Tours
Architecture
Status	Cathedral
Functional status	Active
Style	Gothic
Groundbreaking	1170
Completed	1547
Specifications
Length	100 metres (330 ft)
Width	28 metres (92 ft)
Number of towers	2
Tower height	68 metres (223 ft) (north) 69 metres (226 ft) (south)
Administration
Parish	St. Maurice
Archdiocese	Tours
Clergy
Archbishop	Bernard-Nicolas Aubertin (fr)

Saint Gatien's Cathedral is the Roman Catholic cathedral church of the Tours diocese and the metropolitan cathedral of the Tours ecclesiastic province, in Indre-et-Loire, France. Saint-Gatien's Cathedral was built between 1170 and 1547. At the time construction began, it was located at the south end of the bridge over the Loire, on the road from Paris to the south-west of France. It has been a classified Monument historique since 1862.

Evolution

History

The first cathedral of Saint-Maurice was built by Lidoire, bishop of Tours from 337 to 371 (preceding St Martin). Burnt in 561, it was restored by Gregory of Tours and rededicated in 590. Its location, at the south-west angle of the castrum, as well as its eastern orientation, resulted in the original access being through the late-Roman surrounding wall (such a configuration is quite rare).^[1]

View of the nave

The cathedral was then rebuilt during the second quarter of the 12th century and again burnt in 1166 during the conflict between Louis VII of France and Henry II of England (also count of Anjou, the neighboring region).

The present cathedral replaces the 13th century Romanesque building. The first phase concerned the south transept and the towers, as early as 1170. The chancel was rebuilt from 1236 to 1279 by Étienne de Mortagne but the nave took much longer to build. The architect Simon du Mans rebuilt the transept and started the nave, including six spans, aisle and chapel, built during the 14th century — the first two spans correspond to those of the old Romanesque cathedral and date back to the 12th century. The nave was only finished during the 15th century by architects Jean de Dammartin, Jean Papin and Jean Durand, thanks to the generosity of Charles VII and the Duke of Brittany Jean V.

Cathedral plan

While building the present cathedral, the nave was then extended westward and the towers surrounding its entrance were erected during the first half of the 16th century, the first tower in 1507 by Pierre de Valence 87 m high, and the second tower during 1534 and 1547 by Pierre Gadier. Highlighting the special feature of the building, called supra, the towers were erected outside of the old city. The late-Roman surrounding wall is visible in cross section at the rear of the towers from the north.

In 1356, the cathedral received its new name of saint Gatien. Its construction having been particularly slow,^[2] it presents a complex pattern of French religious types of architecture from the 13th century to the 15th. For example, the tower buttresses are Romanesque, the ornamentation generally is pure Gothic, and the tops of the towers are Renaissance (beginning of the 16th century).

Treasures

The organ, donated by -Good will- Martin de Beaune, was built by Barnabé Delanoue in the 16th century. One can also see, in the cathedral, the tomb of the children of Charles VIII and Anne of Brittany, who died as infants. This tomb, in Carrara marble, made by Girolamo da Fiesole, in the Italian style, and whose recumbent statues are reminiscent of 15th-century French medieval tradition (school of Michel Colombe), was kept since 1506 in Saint-Martin de Tours before being moved in 1834 to Saint-Gatien.

Environment

To the north of the cathedral is a small cloister, also built during the Renaissance. This cloister is known as the cloître de la Psalette, in reference to its function as a school of psalms (religious chants). To the south of the cathedral is the former archbishop's palace, built in the early 18th century, which has now become the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Tours.

Burials

• Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, Duke of Touraine, buried with his son, Sir James Douglas in the Choir, following the Battle of Verneuil 1424.

Gallery

• 

  Chapel stained-glass window

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  Main altar and choir

• 

  Chapel stained-glass window

• 

  The organ

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  Tomb of the children of Charles VIII and Anne of Brittany by Michel Colombe, 1506: an early monument of the French Renaissance

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  Ceiling

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  Stained-glass window

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  Main gate

Notes

1. Configuration also found in Soissons after Soissons Cathedral was rebuilt and extended during the 13th century.
2. has led to a local saying: "... not until the cathedral is finished" to mention something particularly long and difficult to achieve

External links

• (French) Fiche sur le site Structurae.de
• (French) Base de données Mérimée
• (German) (French) Site Gotik-Romanik - Photos et plan de la cathédrale Saint-Gatien de Tours