Dymphna
| Saint Dymphna | |
|---|---|
|
Saint Dymphna: image from holy card | |
| The Lily of Éire | |
| Born |
7th century Ireland |
| Died |
7th century Geel, Belgium |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Feast | 15 May |
| Attributes | crown, sword, lily, lamp |
| Patronage | mental disorders, neurological disorders, runaways, victims of incest, depression |
Saint Dymphna (also: Dympna, Dimpna, Damhnait, Damnat, from Gaelic Damh=stag and ait=little, i.e. "fawn".) (pronounced "Dimf-nah")[1] is a Christian saint. According to tradition, she lived in the 7th century and was the daughter of a pagan Irish king and his Christian wife. She was murdered by her father.
The story of Saint Dymphna was first recorded in the 13th century by a canon of the Church of St. Aubert at Cambrai, France. It was commissioned by Guiard of Laon (1238–1248), the Bishop of Cambrai.
The author expressly stated that his work was based upon a long-standing oral tradition and a persuasive history of miraculous healings of the mentally ill.[2]
Story of her life and death
According to Christian tradition, Dymphna was born in Ireland in the 7th century. Dymphna's father Damon, a petty king of Oriel, was a pagan, but her mother was a devout Christian.
When Dymphna was 14 years old, she consecrated herself to Christ and took a vow of chastity. Shortly thereafter, her mother died. Damon had loved his wife deeply, and in the aftermath of her death his mental health sharply deteriorated. Eventually the king's counsellors pressed him to remarry. Damon agreed, but only on the condition that his bride would be as beautiful as his deceased wife. After searching fruitlessly, Damon began to desire his daughter because of her strong resemblance to her mother.
When Dymphna learned of her father's intentions she swore to uphold her vows, and fled his court along with her confessor Father Gerebernus, two trusted servants and the king's fool. Together they sailed towards the continent, eventually landing in what is present-day Belgium, where they took refuge in the town of Geel.[2]
One tradition states that once settled in Geel, St. Dymphna built a hospice for the poor and sick of the region. However, it was through the use of her wealth that her father would eventually ascertain her whereabouts, as some of the coins used enabled her father to trace them to Belgium.[2] Damon sent his agents to pursue his daughter and her companions. When their hiding place was discovered, Damon travelled to Geel to recover his daughter. Damon ordered his soldiers to kill Father Gerebernus and tried to force Dymphna to return with him to Ireland, but she resisted. Furious, Damon drew his sword and struck off his daughter's head. She was said to have been 15 years old when she died.[3] After Dymphna and Gerebernus were martyred, the residents of Geel buried them in a nearby cave. Years later, they decided to move the remains to a more suitable location. Some of her remains are at the Shrine to Saint Dymnpha in the United States.[1]
Medieval traditions
According to Johann Peter Kirsch, "This narrative is without any historical foundation, being merely a variation of the story of the king who wanted to marry his own daughter, a motif which appears frequently in popular legends."[4]
In 1349 a church honouring Saint Dymphna was built in Geel. By 1480, so many pilgrims were coming from all over Europe, seeking treatment for the mentally ill, that the church housing for them was expanded. Soon the sanctuary for the mad was again full to overflowing, and the townspeople began taking them into their own homes. Thus began a tradition for the ongoing care of the mentally ill that has endured for over 700 years and is still studied and envied today. Patients were, and still are, taken into the inhabitants of Geel's homes. Never called patients, they are called boarders, and are treated as ordinary and useful members of the town.[5] They are treated as members of the host family. They work, most often in menial labour, and in return, they become part of the community.[6] Some stay a few months, some decades, some for their entire lives. At its peak in the 1930s, over 4,000 'boarders' were housed with the town's inhabitants.[7][8]
Veneration
The remains of Saint Dymphna were later put into a silver reliquary and placed in a church in Geel named in her honour. The remains of Saint Gerebernus were moved to Xanten, Germany. [4] During the late 15th century the original St. Dymphna Church in Geel burned down. A second "Church of St. Dymphna" was then built and consecrated in 1532. The church still stands on the site where her body is believed to have first been buried.
According to tradition, miracles occurred immediately after her tomb was discovered. A number of people with epilepsy, mental illness or to have been 'under evil influence' who visited the tomb of Dymphna were said to have been cured. The saint is invoked as patroness against mental illness.[4]
St. Dymphna's feast day is 15 May.[9]
Saint Dymphna is known as the Lily of Éire, due to her spotless virtue. She is traditionally portrayed wearing a crown, dressed in ermine and royal robes, and holding a sword. In modern versions she holds the sword awkwardly, as it symbolizes her martyrdom, but in the older versions seen on numerous statues and stained glass images, her sword is pricking the neck of a demon; symbolizing her title of Demon Slayer. She is also often portrayed holding a lamp, with the chained devil at her feet.[10]
Some modern holy cards portray Dymphna in green and white, holding a book and white lilies.
Patronage
St. Dymphna is the patron saint of the nervous, emotionally disturbed, mentally ill, and those who suffer neurological disorders - and, consequently, of psychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologists. She is also the patron saint of victims of incest.[9]
The US National Shrine of St. Dymphna is located at St. Mary's Catholic Church in Massillon, Ohio.[1] St. Dymphna's Special School is located in Ballina, County Mayo, Republic of Ireland and operates under the patronage of Western Care Association.[11]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 National Shrine of St. Dymphna, Massilon, Ohio
- 1 2 3 "Saint Dymphna: Wonderworker of Gheel, May 15th". Wagener, South Carolina: Saints Mary and Martha Orthodox Monastery. January 2006. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
- ↑ Benedictine Convent Sisters, Clyde, Missouri, "Tabernacle and Purgatory" May 1946 Archived 12 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
- 1 2 3 Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Dymphna." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 1 December 2015]
- ↑ Jay, Mike (9 January 2014). "The Geel question". Aeon.
- ↑ Wells, Karin (9 March 2014). "Psychiatric community care: Belgian town sets gold standard". CBC News. CBC/Radio-Canada. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ↑ Goldstein, J. "Geel, Belgium: A Model of ‘Community Recovery’". Birmingham, AL: Psychology Department, Samford University.
- ↑ Dr.Srole, Hobart/William Smith College, Geneva N.Y.
- 1 2 "St. Dymphna", Franciscan Mission Associates
- ↑ Catholic Exchange. com.
- ↑ St. Dymphna's Special School, Ballina
External links
- Saint of the Day: "Dymphna of Gheel VM (RM)" at SaintPatrickDC.org
"St. Dymphna". Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913.- St. Dymphna, Patroness of Mental Illness and Runaways
|