Mammes of Caesarea

Saint Mammes of Caesarea
Saint Mammes and Duke Alexander. Tapestry by Jean Cousin the Elder, ca. 1541.
Born	~259
Died	~275
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church; Eastern Orthodox Church
Feast	17 August in the Roman Catholic calendar and 2 September in the Eastern Orthodox calendar; August 7 (Spain)
Attributes	lion
Patronage	Langres; babies who are breastfeeding; protector of sufferers from broken bones and hernias (the latter in Murero, in Zaragoza).

Saint Mammes (Mamas, Mammas, Mammet) of Caesarea (Greek: Μάμας; French: Mammès; Italian: Mamante; Spanish: Mamés; Portuguese: São Mamede) is a semi-legendary child-martyr of the 3rd century. He was martyred at Caesarea.^[1] His parents, Theodotus and Rufina, were also martyred.^[2]

Life

Born in prison to parents who had been jailed because they were Christian, Mammes became an orphan when his parents were executed.^[3] After his parents' death, Mammes was raised by a rich widow named Ammia, who died when Mammes was 15 years old.

According to legend, Mammes was tortured for his faith by the governor of Caesarea and was then sent before the Roman Emperor Aurelian, who tortured him again. The Mammes legend states that an angel then liberated him and ordered him to hide himself on a mountain near Caesarea.

Mammes was later thrown to the lions, but managed to make the beasts docile. He preached to animals in the fields, and a lion remained with him as companion. Accompanied by the lion, he visited Duke Alexander, who condemned him to death.^[4] He was struck in the stomach with a trident. Bleeding, Mammes dragged himself to a spot near a theater before his soul was carried into heaven by angels.

Veneration

The center of his cult was situated at Caesarea before shifting to Langres when his relics were brought there.^[4] The Cathédrale Saint-Mammès, in Langres, is dedicated to him. Mammes is the chief patron of the diocese.

Lebanon

Saint Mammes is also a popular saint in Lebanon with many churches and convents named in his honor. He is the patron saint of Deir Mimas in Lebanon, where the town celebrates the feast of Saint Mamas on September 15. Grand festivities are organized each year to honor the town's patron saint. The town has an orthodox monastery overlooking the Litani valley of Deirmimas named after the saint in addition to a Melkite catholic church located inside the village also named after Saint Mammes.

Mammes is also honored in Kfarhata, which is adjacent to Zgharta. The Church of Saint Mamas Church in Ehden was built in 749 A.D. and is one of the oldest Maronite Catholic churches in Lebanon. Lebanon is also home to the Saint Mamas Church of Baabdat, which was built in the 16th century. Another Maronite Lebanese monastery called Dayr Mar Mamas is being restored by the towns folks of the rural village of Bechaaleh (also spelled Bechealeh) located in the district of Batroun in the north of Lebanon.

Cyprus

St Mamas, the lamb and the lion: icon in the church at Morphou

In Cyprus, Mammes is popularly known as a poor hermit who lived in a cave near the town of Morphou. According to local legend, he was a hermit living in very poor circumstances, and when the authorities tried to tax him, he evaded them. Soldiers were sent out and captured him, but on the way back to town, Mammes saw a lion attacking a lamb, escaped the soldiers, saved the lamb, jumped on the lion's back, and rode it into town. His bravery earned him exemption from taxation.^[5]

St. Mamas Monastery is the third most important place of worship for the Greek Orthodox in Cyprus after St. Barnabas tomb at Famagusta and Apostolos Andreas Monastery at Karpasia.

Greece

There are numerous churches dedicated to Mammes of Caesarea in Greece and there are even villages in Greece named Agios Mamas (Saint Mammes in Greek) after him in Chalkidiki and Laconia.

Spain (San Mamés)

Pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela diffused his cult into Spain.

A statue depicting Mammes and a lion can be found in the Casa de la Misericordia in Bilbao, which was once the convent of San Mamés and whose current chapel holds an alleged relic of the saint, a piece of bone from his craneum.^[6] The stadium that is home to the Athletic Club de Bilbao is called San Mamés Stadium, and players of that club are called the "lions of San Mamés" because their stadium was built near these premises.^[7]

His head is said to rest in the parish church of Santa María Magdalena in Zaragoza.

An alternative legend states that he was devoured by lions.

At Tábara, also in Spain, he is venerated alongside Saint Blaise.^[8]

Italy (San Mamete)

The chapel of Sant'Amate on the mountain Monte Grona in Plesio municipality, nerby Como

In some regions of Italy, above all in the so-called "Brianza" near Milan, San Mamete is particularly venerated by women who have borne a child, in order to obtain an abundant quantity of milk for the newborn. Special rites took place until recent times: the woman who felt the need to ask the help of the Saint went to the church bringing some bread and some cheese, which she placed upon the altar for some time. Then she went out, and was obliged to offer the bread and cheese to the first person she encountered. She hoped, so doing, to get by San Mamete’s mercy a lot of pan di fioeu ("bread of children", i.e. milk).^[9]

Portugal (São Mamede)

The Battle of São Mamede is considered a crucial event that led to the foundation of the Kingdom of Portugal. A number of places in Portugal are named after this Christian saint, such as São Mamede (Lisbon), a quarter of Lisbon, São Mamede de Este, a town in Braga, São Mamede de Infesta, a town in Matosinhos, the Igreja de São Mamede, a church building in Évora, the Serra de São Mamede, a mountain range in Portalegre District and São Mamede de Coronado, a town in Trofa, as well as São Mamede, Paraíba, a municipality in the state of Paraíba, Brazil.

Notes

1. Vailhé, Siméon. "Caesarea." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 26 Feb. 2013
2. Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Sts. Rufina." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 26 Feb. 2013
3. "Martyr Rufina of Caesarea, in Cappadocia", Orthodox Church in America
4. Cousin, Jean the Elder, "St. Mammes and Duke Alexander", Web Gallery of Art
5. "Saint Mamas". nostos.com. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
6. «Que ellos se dediquen a jugar, que San Mamés les protegerá», El Correo Digital. Canal Athletic, March 1, 2009. (es)
7. es:Mamés
8. http://srosado.galeon.com/tabara.html
9. The rite is described in: Franca Pirovano, "San Mamètt e ’l pan di fioeu", in F.P. Momenti di folklore in Brianza, Palermo, Sellerio, 1985, pp. 47-48.