Yakut scripts

A fragment of suruk bicik

There have been three major Yakut writing systems in use since the early 20th century. The first systematic alphabet was developed by Semyon Novgorodov, and was based on the International Phonetic Alphabet. Novgorodov's alphabet was developed in 1917, and continued in use until 1929. In addition to the characters shown below, Novogorodov also introduced four letters to represent the diphthongs found in Yakut: /ɯa͡/, /ie͡/, /uo͡/, and /yø͡/ – w. Vowel and consonant length was indicated with the colon (e.g. a:, t:). While this alphabet was in use, various changes were implemented, including the addition of capital letters. After 1929, Novgorodov's alphabet was replaced by a form of Latin script based on the Uniform Turkic Alphabet.[1] This was in turn replaced in 1939 by an alphabet using the Cyrillic script. Prior to the Novgorodov alphabet, various ad hoc phonetic Latin and Cyrillic-based systems had been developed.

Currently only the Cyrillic Yakut alphabet is in use. This script consists of the usual Russian characters but with 5 additional letters: Ҕҕ, Ҥҥ, Өө, Һһ, Үү.

Table of alphabets used to write Yakut with approximate dates of use[2]
IPA 1819–18581851–19171858–19171917–1927 (Novgorodov Alphabet)1924–19291929–1939 (Uniform Turkic Alphabet)1939–PresentNotes
aАаАаАаaAaAaАа
bБбБбБбbBbБб
vВвVvВвfound only in Russian loanwords
aГгГгГгgGgGgГг
ɣ, ʁҔҕʃƢƣҔҕ
dДдДдДдdDdDdДд
ɟЏџзЗзÇçДьдь
e, jeЕеЕеЕеfound only in Russian loanwords
joЁёfound only in Russian loanwords
ʒЖжƵƶЖжfound only in Russian loanwords
zЗзZzЗзfound only in Russian loanwords
iИи,ІіІіИиiIiIiИи
jЈјЙйjJjJjЙй
ȷ̃
kКкКкКкkKkKkКк
lЛлЛлЛлlЛлLlЛл
ʎLlʎLl
mМмМмМмmMmMmМм
nНнНнНнnNnNnНн
ŋҢңҤҥŋꞐꞑꞐꞑҤҥ
ɲН̕н̕ɲNjnjНьнь
oОоОоОоɔƆɔOoОо
øӦӧЁёƟɵӨө
pПпПпПпpPpPpПп
ɲРрРрРрrRrRrРр
sСсСсСсsSsSsСс
hһhHhHhҺһ
tТтТтТтtTtTtТт
uУуУуУуuUuUuУу
yӰӱyYyYyҮү
fФф, ѲѳFfФфfound only in Russian loanwords
xХхХхХхq Qq Хх
tsЦцЦцfound only in Russian loanwords
ЧчЧчЧчcCcCcЧч
ʃШшŞşШшfound only in Russian loanwords
ɕːЩщЩщfound only in Russian loanwords
◌.ЪъЪъЪъfound only in Russian loanwords
oЫыЫыЫыɯЫыЬьЫы
◌ʲЬьЬьЬьfound only in digraphs (дь, нь) and Russian loanwords
eЕеÄäЭэeEeEeЭэ
juЮюЮюЮюfound only in Russian loanwords
jaЯяЯяЯяfound only in Russian loanwords

Notes

  1. "Yakut language". Minority languages of Russia on the net. Retrieved 2007-05-18.
  2. Петров, Н.Е. (1972). "Алфавит Якутского Языка". In Баскаков, Н.А. Вопросы Совершенствования Алфавитов Тюркских Языков СССР (in Russian). Moscow: Академия наук СССР.

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Tuesday, April 19, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.