Salcantay

Salcantay

View from the southwest.
Highest point
Elevation 6,271 m (20,574 ft) [1][2][3][4] or 6,264 m (20,551 ft)[5][6]
Prominence 2,540 metres (8,330 ft) [5][6]
Listing Ultra
Coordinates 13°20′01″S 72°32′40″W / 13.33361°S 72.54444°W / -13.33361; -72.54444Coordinates: 13°20′01″S 72°32′40″W / 13.33361°S 72.54444°W / -13.33361; -72.54444
Geography
Salcantay

Peru

Location Cusco Region, Peru
Parent range Willkapampa, Andes[3][4][6][7][8]
Climbing
First ascent August 4, 1952 by Fred D. Ayres, David Michael, Jr., W. V. Graham Matthews, George Irving Bell, Claude Kogan, M. Bernard Pierre
Easiest route Northeast ridge: technical glacier/snow/ice climb (French grade AD)[4]

Salcantay (Nevado Salcantay) or Salkantay (Nevado Salkantay), Sallqantay in Quechua is the highest peak of the Willkapampa mountain range, part of the Peruvian Andes. It is located in the Cusco Region, about 60 km (40 mi) west-northwest of the city of Cusco. It is the 38th highest peak in the Andes, and the twelfth highest in Peru. However, as a range highpoint in deeply incised terrain, it is the second most topographically prominent peak in the country, after Huascarán.

View from the Trek.

Salcantay's proximity to Machu Picchu makes trekking around it an alternative to the oversubscribed Inca Trail; this is known as the Salkantay trek.


History

The name Salkantay is from sallqa, a Quechua word meaning wild, uncivilized, savage, or invincible, and was recorded as early as 1583.[9] The name is thus often translated as "Savage Mountain".

Directly to the north of Salkantay lies Machu Picchu, which is at the end of a ridge that extends down from this mountain. Viewed from Machu Picchu's main sundial, the Southern Cross is above Salkantay's summit when at its highest point in the sky during the rainy season. The Incas associated this alignment with concepts of rain and fertility, and considered Salkantay to be one of the principal deities controlling weather and fertility in the region west of Cuzco.[10]

East face.

Mountaineering

Salcantay is a large, steep peak with great vertical relief, particularly above the low valleys to the north, which are tributaries of the Amazon River.

The standard route on the mountain is the Northeast ridge. Accessing the route typically involves three days of travel from Cusco. The climb involves about 1,800 m (5,900 ft) of vertical gain, on glacier, snow, ice, and some rock.[4]

Mountaineering history

Salcantay was first climbed in 1952 by a French-American expedition comprising Fred D. Ayres, David Michael, Jr., John C. Oberlin, W. V. Graham Matthews, Austen F. Riggs, George Irving Bell, Claude Kogan, M. Bernard Pierre, and Jean Guillemin. All except Oberlin, Riggs, and Guillemin made the summit.[11] Two years later Fritz Kasparek fell through a cornice near the summit on the NE ridge.

On June 17, 2013 Nathan Heald (USA), Thomas Ryan (USA), and Luis Crispin (Peru) made the summit at 10:30am after 9 hours of climbing from a high camp at 5,500mts. on the NE ridge. This makes Crispin the first Peruvian climber to summit the mountain. The team took a reading of 6,279mts., S 13° 20.027’, W 72° 32.596’, on a GPS device.[12] On July 31, 2013 a second team led by Nathan Heald (USA), consisting of James Lissy (USA) and Edwin Espinoza Sotelo (Peru)make the summit by the NE ridge. Due to glacial retreat, the route is now calculated to be graded D on the French adjectival scale. This makes Heald the only person to have summited the mountain twice.[13]

See also

References

Sources consulted
Endnotes
  1. ↑ This elevation is from a Peruvian military survey, quoted in the American Alpine Journal, 1973
  2. ↑ INEI, Perú: Compendio Estadístico 2005, op. cit.
  3. 1 2 Encarta/Spanish, "Cordillera Vilcabamba" and "Salcantay", op. cit.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Biggar 2005, op. cit.
  5. 1 2 Ferranti 2005, "Peru ultra-Prominences", op. cit.
  6. 1 2 3 Peakbagger, "Salcantay, Peru", op. cit.
  7. ↑ INEI, Perú: Compendio Estadístico 2005, op. cit., attaches three peaks including the Salcantay to the Cordillera Vilcanota instead of Vilcabamba, but this was identified as a typo, and all other sources disagreed. Details in the endnotes to article "List of mountains in Peru".
  8. ↑ Rachowiecki 1991, op. cit.
  9. ↑ Rose, Mark (1999-09-01). "Exploring the Inca Heartland". Archaeological Institute of America.
  10. ↑ Reinhard, Johan; Ceruti, Constanza (2005). "Sacred Mountains, Ceremonial Sites, and Human Sacrifice Among the Incas.". Archaeoastronomy: The Journal of Astronomy in Culture 19: 1–43.
  11. ↑ John C. Oberlin and W. V. Graham Matthews, "The First Ascent of Mount Salcantay", American Alpine Journal, 1953, pp. 387-396.
  12. ↑ , Diario de la Republica, 27 June 2013
  13. ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GR-mkHbOxE, Barrabes, Revista de Esqui y Montaña, 3 October 2013
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Salkantay trail.
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