Salekhard
| Salekhard (English) Салехард (Russian) Пуӆңават (Khanty) | |
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.svg.png) Location of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in Russia | |
  Salekhard | |
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| Administrative status (as of September 2009) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug[1] |
| Administratively subordinated to | town of okrug significance of Salekhard[1] |
| Administrative center of | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug,[1] town of okrug significance of Salekhard[1] |
| Municipal status (as of June 2010) | |
| Urban okrug | Salekhard Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Salekhard Urban Okrug[2] |
| Mayor | Alexander Spirin |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 42,544 inhabitants[3] |
| Time zone | YEKT (UTC+05:00)[4] |
| Founded | 1595 |
| Town status since | 1938 |
| Previous names | Obdorsk (until 1933) |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 34922[5] |
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| Salekhard on Wikimedia Commons | |
Salekhard (Russian: СалехаÌрд; Khanty: Пуӆңават; Nenets: СалÑʼ харад, lit. house on a peninsula) is a town and the administrative center of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is the closest town to the Polar circle, the main parts being about 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) south and suburbs stretching to the north of the circle. Population: 42,544 (2010 Census);[3] 36,827 (2002 Census);[6] 32,334 (1989 Census).[7]
History
The settlement of Obdorsk (ОбдорÑк) was founded in 1595, in the place of a Khanty settlement called Polnovat-Vozh (Полноват-вож), by Russian settlers after the conquest of Siberia. It was situated on the Ob River, and its name supposedly derives from that. The land around Obdorsk was referred to as Obdorsky krai, or Obdoriya.
The town was often used as a place of exile during the Tsarist and Soviet periods. Among notable people who spent time here was the Doukhobor spiritual leader Pyotr Verigin. The town and nearby area contained three Soviet camps where approximately 6,500 prisoners were held, arrested for their belief in God.[8] At the port of Salekhard, approximately 1,500 prisoners loaded and unloaded goods at the dock, or mined metal ores. About 5,000 prisoners in two camps near Salekhard were assigned to polish diamonds mined from Mir mine.
On December 10, 1930, Obdorsk became the administrative center of the new Yamal (Nenets) National Okrug. It was renamed Salekhard in 1933, and granted town status in 1938.
The nearest railway is at Labytnangi on the opposite side of the river Ob. From 1949 to 1953, the Salekhard-Igarka Railway project made an unsuccessful attempt to extend the line to Igarka, claiming the lives of thousands of Gulag prisoners.[9] The section of railway from Salekhard to Nadym was completed and remained in use for some time in the Soviet era, although it was later abandoned. It is currently being rebuilt, along with a long-awaited bridge across the Ob between Labytnangi and Salekhard.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one rural locality, incorporated as the town of okrug significance of Salekhard—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the town of okrug significance of Salekhard is incorporated as Salekhard Urban Okrug.[2]
Economy
Yamal Airlines has its head office in Salekhard.[10]
By 2015, about 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) from the airport, near the Arctic circle, authorities plan to build a large polar resort "Center of the Arctic tourism."
Transportation
The town is served by the Salekhard Airport.
The nearest railway is at Labytnangi (on the Salekhard–Igarka Railway) on the opposite side of the river Ob. A long-awaited bridge across the Ob between Labytnangi and Salekhard is being built.
As of 2010, cars and trucks cross the river by driving across the frozen river ice for 9–10 months a year. In the summer a ferry operates, "but twice a year, during floating of ice, Salekhard lives in a standalone mode, completely cut off from the world, regarding freight. Only helicopter in case of emergency. Native people always build safety stock of food at home, in the shops, in the market for this period, but they still have seasonal price increasing."[11] Long-distance passengers have the airport.
Climate
Salekhard has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) with short, mild summers and severely cold winters. Precipitation is moderate, and is significantly greater in summer than in winter.
| Climate data for Salekhard | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
3.3 (37.9) |
5.7 (42.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.9 (91.2) |
29.9 (85.8) |
24.8 (76.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
32.9 (91.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −18.8 (−1.8) |
−18.5 (−1.3) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−4 (25) |
3.7 (38.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
−1.39 (29.52) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −23.2 (−9.8) |
−22.9 (−9.2) |
−14.9 (5.2) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
9.5 (49.1) |
14.8 (58.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
5.3 (41.5) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
−5.72 (21.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −27.8 (−18) |
−27.4 (−17.3) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−14 (7) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
5.2 (41.4) |
10.0 (50) |
7.3 (45.1) |
2.2 (36) |
−6 (21) |
−19.5 (−3.1) |
−25.2 (−13.4) |
−9.94 (14.11) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −51.3 (−60.3) |
−53.7 (−64.7) |
−47.4 (−53.3) |
−38.7 (−37.7) |
−30.8 (−23.4) |
−11 (12) |
−1 (30) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−35.7 (−32.3) |
−47.1 (−52.8) |
−51.5 (−60.7) |
−53.7 (−64.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 23 (0.91) |
19 (0.75) |
21 (0.83) |
26 (1.02) |
37 (1.46) |
51 (2.01) |
65 (2.56) |
69 (2.72) |
42 (1.65) |
46 (1.81) |
28 (1.1) |
27 (1.06) |
454 (17.88) |
| Average rainy days | 0.1 | 0 | 0.5 | 3 | 10 | 17 | 18 | 21 | 20 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 99.6 |
| Average snowy days | 26 | 23 | 23 | 16 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 17 | 24 | 27 | 174 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83 | 82 | 81 | 78 | 77 | 70 | 72 | 79 | 82 | 86 | 85 | 83 | 79.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 4.0 | 48.0 | 135.0 | 209.0 | 233.0 | 270.0 | 307.0 | 185.0 | 96.0 | 57.0 | 18.0 | 0.0 | 1,562 |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[12] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: NOAA (sun only, 1961-1990)[13] | |||||||||||||
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Salekhard is twinned with:
- Azov, Rostov Oblast, Russia
External links
- (Russian) Official website of Salekhard
- Official website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Information about Salekhard
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Law #42-ZAO
- 1 2 3 Law #26-ZAO
- 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ ПравительÑтво РоÑÑийÑкой Федерации. Федеральный закон â„–107-ФЗ от 3 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2011 г. «Об иÑчиÑлении времени», в ред. Федерального закона â„–248-ФЗ от 05 Ð°Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ»Ñ 2016 г. «О внеÑении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об иÑчиÑлении времени"». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу по иÑтечении шеÑтидеÑÑти дней поÑле Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ñ„Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ (6 авгуÑта 2011 г.). Опубликован: "РоÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð³Ð°Ð·ÐµÑ‚Ð°", â„–120, 6 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of April 05, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Телефонные коды городов (in Russian). Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "ЧиÑленноÑÑ‚ÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð Ð¾ÑÑии, Ñубъектов РоÑÑийÑкой Федерации в ÑоÑтаве федеральных округов, районов, городÑких поÑелений, ÑельÑких наÑелённых пунктов – районных центров и ÑельÑких наÑелённых пунктов Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñелением 3 Ñ‚Ñ‹ÑÑчи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Ð’ÑеÑÐ¾ÑŽÐ·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 1989 г. ЧиÑленноÑÑ‚ÑŒ наличного наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñоюзных и автономных реÑпублик, автономных облаÑтей и округов, краёв, облаÑтей, районов, городÑких поÑелений и Ñёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Ð’ÑеÑÐ¾ÑŽÐ·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). ИнÑтитут демографии Ðационального иÑÑледовательÑкого универÑитета: Ð’Ñ‹ÑÑˆÐ°Ñ ÑˆÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð° Ñкономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Thomas, George. "Stalin's 'Railroad of Death' Witnesses Revival". CBN News. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
- ↑ Gonzales, Daria (7 June 2012). "A living city among dead roads". RBTH. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ↑ Yamal Airlines. Retrieved on February 27, 2012.
- ↑ 2010/2011 visitor Любовь
- ↑ "Pogoda.ru.net - Climate Data for Salekhard" (in Russian). Retrieved May 16, 2015.
- ↑ "Salekhard Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
Sources
- ГоÑударÑÑ‚Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð”ÑƒÐ¼Ð° Ямало-Ðенецкого автономного округа. Закон â„–42-ЗÐО от 6 октÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 2006 г. «Об админиÑтративно-территориальном уÑтройÑтве Ямало-Ðенецкого автономного округа», в ред. Закона â„–123-ЗÐО от 6 Ð´ÐµÐºÐ°Ð±Ñ€Ñ 2012 г. «О внеÑении изменений в некоторые Законы Ямало-Ðенецкого автономного округа в чаÑти Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð° наÑелённого пункт ТазовÑкий путём отнеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ к ÑельÑким пунктам и наделении муниципального Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñёлок ТазовÑкий ÑтатуÑом ÑельÑкого поÑелениÑ». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу по иÑтечении деÑÑти дней Ñо Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ñ„Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ опубликованиÑ. Опубликован: "КраÑный Север", â„–119, 13 октÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 2006 г. (State Duma of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Law #42-ZAO of October 6, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #123-ZAO of December 6, 2012 On Amending Various Laws of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Due to Changing the Status of the Inhabited Locality of Tazovsky to a Rural Locality and on Granting the Municipal Formation of the Settlement of Tazovsky the Status of a Rural Settlement. Effective as of the day upon expiration of ten days from the official publication date.).
- ГоÑударÑÑ‚Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð”ÑƒÐ¼Ð° Ямало-Ðенецкого автономного округа. Закон â„–26-ЗÐО от 22 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2004 г. «О наделении ÑтатуÑом, определении админиÑтративного центра и уÑтановлении границ муниципального Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´ Салехард», в ред. Закона â„–100-ЗÐО от 31 октÑÐ±Ñ€Ñ 2012 г. «О внеÑении Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Закон Ямало-Ðенецкого автономного округа "О наделении ÑтатуÑом, определении админиÑтративного центра и уÑтановлении границ муниципального Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð´ Салехард"». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу Ñо Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ñ„Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ опубликованиÑ. Опубликован: "КраÑный Север", â„–50, 23 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2004 г. (State Duma of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Law #26-ZAO of June 22, 2004 On Granting the Status, Determining the Administrative Center, and Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Salkhard, as amended by the Law #100-ZAO of October 31, 2012 On Amending the Law of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug "On Granting the Status, Determining the Administrative Center, and Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Salkhard". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
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