Saltram (horse)

Saltram
Sire	Eclipse
Grandsire	Marske
Dam	Virago
Damsire	Snap
Sex	Stallion
Foaled	1780
Country	Kingdom of Great Britain
Colour	Brown
Breeder	John Parker
Owner	John Parker George, Prince of Wales
Trainer	Francis Neale
Record	8:4-3-1
Major wins
Epsom Derby (1783)

Saltram (1780–1802) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from spring 1783 to May 1785 he ran eight times and won four races. In 1783 he won the fourth running of the Epsom Derby on his third racecourse appearance. He won one race in 1784 and was then sold to George, Prince of Wales for whom he won a race at Newmarket in 1785 before being retired to stud. After having some success as a stallion in England he was exported to the United States where he died in 1802.

Background

Saltram was a brown horse standing 15.3 hands high bred by General John Parker who was elevated to the Peerage as Lord Boringdon in 1784. Parker was from Plympton in Devon and named the colt after the nearby Saltram House. Saltram was described as a "beautiful" horse of "great strength" despite "having lost one eye".^[1] He was sired by Dennis O'Kelly's Eclipse, the dominant racehorse of his time who was undefeated in eighteen races before becoming one of the most important and influential stallions in Thoroughbred history.^[2] Saltram was the fifth of eleven foals^[3] born to Mr Parker's mare Virago went on to produce the 1787 Epsom Oaks winner Annette and was the female-line ancestor of the Derby winners Ditto, Pan and Gustavus.^[4]

Racing career

1783: three-year-old season

Saltram made his first racecourse appearance at Newmarket in the spring of 1783. At the Craven meeting he ran in a ten furlong Sweepstakes "Across the Flat" and won the 300 guinea prize by beating Mr Douglas's unnamed colt by Justice.^[5] He then finished second in the Cumberland Stakes, also at Newmarket.^[6]

There were thirty-six entries but only six runners for the Derby at Epsom on 29 May and Saltram was made 5/2 joint favourite with Dennis O'Kelly's colt Cornet. The 1783 edition of the race was the last to be run over one mile, before the distance was extended to one and a half miles in 1784. Ridden by Charles Hindley, Saltram won from O'Kelly's second choice runner Dungannon, followed by Parlington, Gonzales, Cornet and the future St Leger winner Phoenomenon. Saltram did not run again as a three-year-old: a scheduled match race in October over two miles against Lord Egremont's colt Rinaldo was cancelled, with Lord Egremont paying a 50 guinea forfeit.^[5]

1784: four-year-old season

Saltram returned as a four-year-old to finish third to Gonzales in the Claret Stakes at Newmarket in April.^[6] At the next Newmarket meeting Saltram ran a match race over the Rowley Mile course against Lord Foley's colt Oliver Cromwell. He started the 4/5 favourite and defeated his opponent at level weights to win the 100 guinea prize.^[5]

After a break of five months, Saltram returned to Newmarket in October for a 500 guinea handicap. He was made odds on favourite, but finished second to Balance, a colt owned by Lord Grosvenor.^[7] After this race he was sold by Lord Boringdon to the Prince of Wales.^[8]

1785: five-year-old season

Saltram ran twice for his new owner at the First Spring meeting at Newmarket in 1785. In the Craven Stakes, run at weight-for-age over ten furlongs, he finished second of the twelve runners to Dungannon at odds of 8/1.^[9] He then ran in a 200 guinea Sweepstakes over the Abingdon Mile course, which he won by defeating Lord Clermont's colt Cantator to whom he was conceding eighteen pounds.^[5]

Stud career

Saltram began his career as a stallion at the Prince of Wales's private stud. From 1790 onwards he was made available to the public at a variety of British studs. In 1791 he stood at Aston Clinton, near Tring in Hertfordshire at a fee of twenty guineas, making him one of the most expensive stallions in England.^[10] By 1795, he had been moved to Carshalton in Surrey, at a fee of 10 guineas, with a guinea for the groom.^[11] By 1798, his fee had fallen to five guineas and he was standing at Mr Haynes's Livery Stable, Great Portland Street, London.^[12] The best of his offspring were Oscar, who won the Craven Stakes and the Oatlands Stakes, and Whiskey, a successful sire whose progeny included the Derby winner Eleanor.^[13]

In 1799 he was bought by William Lightfoot and exported to stand as a stallion at Sandy Point, Charles City County, Virginia where he had some success as a sire of broodmares. Saltram died in Virginia in 1802.^[6]

Pedigree

Pedigree of Saltram (GB), brown stallion, 1780
Sire Eclipse (GB) 1764	Marske 1750	Squirt	Bartlett's Childers
		Squirt	sister to Old Country Wench
		Ruby mare	Hutton's Blacklegs
		Ruby mare	Bay Bolton mare
	Spilletta 1749	Regulus*	Godolphin Arabian
		Regulus*	Grey Robinson
		Mother Western	Easby Snake
		Mother Western	Old Montagu mare
Dam Virago (GB) 1764	Snap 1750	Snip	Flying Childers
		Snip	sister to Soreheels
		sister to Slipby	Fox
		sister to Slipby	Gipsey
	Regulus mare 1757	Regulus*	Godolphin Arabian
		Regulus*	Grey Robinson
		sister 2 to Othello	Crab
		sister 2 to Othello	Miss Slamerkin (1729) (Family:7)^[4]

Saltram was inbred 3x3 to Regulus, meaning that this stallion appears twice in the third generation of his pedigree.

References

↑ Robert Hunter (1798). Racing calendar. 1798. John Whitworth. p. 280. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
↑ "Eclipse". Bloodlines.net. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
↑ The General stud book. J. S. Skinner. 1834. p. 281. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
1 2 "Blacklegs Royal Mare - Family 7". Bloodlines.net. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
1 2 3 4 William Pick, R. Johnson (1822). The turf register and sportsman & breeder's stud-book, Vol. III. W. Sams. p. 348. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
1 2 3 "Saltram". Bloodlines.net. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
↑ William Pick, R. Johnson (1822). The turf register and sportsman & breeder's stud-book, Vol. III. W. Sams. p. 325. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
↑ Patricia Erigero Thoroughbred Heritage. "Thoroughbred Foundation Sires - S". Tbheritage.com. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
↑ William Pick, R. Johnson (1822). The turf register and sportsman & breeder's stud-book, Vol. III. W. Sams. p. 334. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
↑ Robert Hunter (1790). Racing calendar. 1790. John Whitworth. p. 388. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
↑ Robert Hunter (1794). Racing calendar. 1794. John Whitworth. p. 347. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
↑ Robert Hunter (1798). Racing calendar. 1798. John Whitworth. p. 279. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
↑ "Whiskey". Bloodlines.net. Retrieved 2012-02-10.

Epsom Derby winners

1780 Diomed 1781 Young Eclipse 1782 Assassin 1783 Saltram 1784 Serjeant 1785 Aimwell 1786 Noble 1787 Sir Peter Teazle 1788 Sir Thomas 1789 Skyscraper 1790 Rhadamanthus 1791 Eager 1792 John Bull 1793 Waxy 1794 Daedalus 1795 Spread Eagle 1796 Didelot 1797 colt by Fidget 1798 Sir Harry 1799 Archduke 1800 Champion 1801 Eleanor ♥ 1802 Tyrant 1803 Ditto 1804 Hannibal 1805 Cardinal Beaufort 1806 Paris 1807 Election 1808 Pan 1809 Pope 1810 Whalebone 1811 Phantom 1812 Octavius 1813 Smolensko 1814 Blucher 1815 Whisker 1816 Prince Leopold 1817 Azor 1818 Sam 1819 Tiresias 1820 Sailor 1821 Gustavus 1822 Moses 1823 Emilius 1824 Cedric 1825 Middleton 1826 Lap-dog 1827 Mameluke 1828 Cadland 1829 Frederick 1830 Priam 1831 Spaniel 1832 St. Giles 1833 Dangerous 1834 Plenipotentiary 1835 Mundig 1836 Bay Middleton 1837 Phosphorus 1838 Amato 1839 Bloomsbury 1840 Little Wonder 1841 Coronation 1842 Attila 1843 Cotherstone 1844 Orlando 1845 The Merry Monarch 1846 Pyrrhus The First 1847 Cossack 1848 Surplice 1849 The Flying Dutchman 1850 Voltigeur 1851 Teddington 1852 Daniel O'Rourke 1853 West Australian ₩ 1854 Andover 1855 Wild Dayrell 1856 Ellington 1857 Blink Bonny ♥ 1858 Beadsman 1859 Musjid 1860 Thormanby 1861 Kettledrum 1862 Caractacus 1863 Macaroni 1864 Blair Athol 1865 Gladiateur ₩ 1866 Lord Lyon ₩ 1867 Hermit 1868 Blue Gown 1869 Pretender 1870 Kingcraft 1871 Favonius 1872 Cremorne 1873 Doncaster 1874 George Frederick 1875 Galopin 1876 Kisber 1877 Silvio 1878 Sefton 1879 Sir Bevys 1880 Bend Or 1881 Iroquois 1882 Shotover ♥ 1883 St. Blaise 1884 St. Gatien Harvester 1885 Melton 1886 Ormonde ₩ 1887 Merry Hampton 1888 Ayrshire 1889 Donovan 1890 Sainfoin 1891 Common ₩ 1892 Sir Hugo 1893 Isinglass ₩ 1894 Ladas 1895 Sir Visto 1896 Persimmon 1897 Galtee More ₩ 1898 Jeddah 1899 Flying Fox ₩ 1900 Diamond Jubilee ₩ 1901 Volodyovski 1902 Ard Patrick 1903 Rock Sand ₩ 1904 St. Amant 1905 Cicero 1906 Spearmint 1907 Orby 1908 Signorinetta ♥ 1909 Minoru 1910 Lemberg 1911 Sunstar 1912 Tagalie ♥ 1913 Aboyeur 1914 Durbar 1915 Pommern ₩ 1916 Fifinella ♥ 1917 Gay Crusader ₩ 1918 Gainsborough ₩ 1919 Grand Parade 1920 Spion Kop 1921 Humorist 1922 Captain Cuttle 1923 Papyrus 1924 Sansovino 1925 Manna 1926 Coronach 1927 Call Boy 1928 Felstead 1929 Trigo 1930 Blenheim 1931 Cameronian 1932 April the Fifth 1933 Hyperion 1934 Windsor Lad 1935 Bahram ₩ 1936 Mahmoud 1937 Mid-day Sun 1938 Bois Roussel 1939 Blue Peter 1940 Pont l'Eveque 1941 Owen Tudor 1942 Watling Street 1943 Straight Deal 1944 Ocean Swell 1945 Dante 1946 Airborne 1947 Pearl Diver 1948 My Love 1949 Nimbus 1950 Galcador 1951 Arctic Prince 1952 Tulyar 1953 Pinza 1954 Never Say Die 1955 Phil Drake 1956 Lavandin 1957 Crepello 1958 Hard Ridden 1959 Parthia 1960 St. Paddy 1961 Psidium 1962 Larkspur 1963 Relko 1964 Santa Claus 1965 Sea Bird 1966 Charlottown 1967 Royal Palace 1968 Sir Ivor 1969 Blakeney 1970 Nijinsky ₩ 1971 Mill Reef 1972 Roberto 1973 Morston 1974 Snow Knight 1975 Grundy 1976 Empery 1977 The Minstrel 1978 Shirley Heights 1979 Troy 1980 Henbit 1981 Shergar 1982 Golden Fleece 1983 Teenoso 1984 Secreto 1985 Slip Anchor 1986 Shahrastani 1987 Reference Point 1988 Kahyasi 1989 Nashwan 1990 Quest for Fame 1991 Generous 1992 Dr Devious 1993 Commander in Chief 1994 Erhaab 1995 Lammtarra 1996 Shaamit 1997 Benny the Dip 1998 High-Rise 1999 Oath 2000 Sinndar 2001 Galileo 2002 High Chaparral 2003 Kris Kin 2004 North Light 2005 Motivator 2006 Sir Percy 2007 Authorized 2008 New Approach 2009 Sea the Stars 2010 Workforce 2011 Pour Moi 2012 Camelot 2013 Ruler of the World 2014 Australia 2015 Golden Horn

Legend - ₩ = Triple Crown Winners, ♥ = Filly

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