Sammamish River

Sammamish River
Sammamish Slough, Squak Slough
River
Sammamish River, near its headwaters in Marymoor Park, Redmond and Lake Sammamish.
Country	United States of America
State	Washington
County	King
Source	Lake Sammamish
- elevation	30 ft (9 m)
- coordinates	47°39′09″N 122°06′24″W / 47.65250°N 122.10667°W
Mouth	Lake Washington
- elevation	16 ft (5 m)
- coordinates	47°45′12″N 122°15′30″W / 47.75333°N 122.25833°WCoordinates: 47°45′12″N 122°15′30″W / 47.75333°N 122.25833°W
Length	14 mi (23 km)
Discharge	for USGS gage 12125200 near Woodinville, Washington
- average	304 cu ft/s (9 m^3/s) [1]
- max	2,830 cu ft/s (80 m^3/s)
- min	25 cu ft/s (1 m^3/s)
Map of the Lake Washington drainage basin with the Sammamish River highlighted

The Sammamish River (also known as Sammamish Slough) flows through north King County, Washington for about 14 miles (23 km), draining Lake Sammamish into Lake Washington. Along its course, the Sammamish River flows through Redmond, Woodinville, Bothell, and Kenmore.

The river is named after the native people who once lived along its entire length.

Course

The Sammamish River begins as an outlet on the north shore of Lake Sammamish, which in turn is fed by several creeks that make up the headwaters of the Sammamish River basin. The most important of these is Issaquah Creek.

The river flows north from the lake through the city of Redmond. The tributary Bear Creek joins the Sammamish from the east, also containing the waters from Evans Creek and Cottage Lake Creek.

After passing through Redmond and parts of unincorporated King County, the Sammamish enters Woodinville where it turns northwest and then west. Little Bear Creek joins the Sammamish at this western turning point from the north. The river continues to bend in a generally westward direction, where it is joined from the north by North Creek in Bothell near the University of Washington, and Swamp Creek in Kenmore.

The Sammamish River enters Lake Washington on the west side of Kenmore.

The Sammamish River basin covers an area from Everett in the north to May Valley in the south. It is part of the larger Lake Washington-Cedar River drainage .^[2] The total basin drainage area covers approximately 626 km² (242 mi²), including the surface of Lake Sammamish. Big Bear Creek is the largest of the four major tributaries that feed the river followed by Little Bear Creek, North Creek, and Swamp Creek. There is also a significant amount of more diffuse drainage, primarily originating from the hills and valley to the west of the river.

River Modifications

The Sammamish River of the early 1900s has been extensively modified as a result of various human efforts to use the channel for navigation, to utilize the floodplain for agriculture, and to reduce flooding in the Sammamish River valley and Lake Sammamish. Prior to major hydrologic modifications that began in the early 1900s, the river was wider and deeper and generally flowed more slowly due to a relatively small difference in elevation between Lake Sammamish and Lake Washington. Prior to these modifications, the river was known as Squak Slough (after a modified pronunciation of the native village at Issaquah) and was navigable over its entire length by shallow-draft steamers and was used to float logs and coal barges from Lake Sammamish to Lake Washington. The mouth of the river was east of its present position.

Although early drainage and navigation improvement efforts in the first couple of decades of the 20th century likely affected the form and function of the river, the most significant modifications occurred as a result of two largely federal-funded navigation and flood control projects. The first major change occurred as a result of the reduction in the mean level and seasonal elevation range of Lake Washington in 1916 as part of the development of the Lake Washington Ship Canal and Lock system, which officially opened June 16, 1917. This effectively increased the elevation difference between Lake Sammamish and Lake Washington and increased the flow rate of the river. It also moved the mouth of the river westward.

Sammamish River, as seen in springtime in Bothell, Washington near the intersection of the Sammamish River and Burke-Gilman Trails

The second major change resulted from a King County/ACOE channel dredging, straightening project completed in November 1964 that included construction of a weir at the Lake Sammamish outlet. This project practically eliminated flooding in the Sammamish River valley and reduced maximum flood elevations and seasonal water surface elevations in Lake Sammamish. The weir was modified in 1998 to improve passage for anadromous salmon during low flow.

Natural history

The Sammamish River is home to several runs of salmon and trout, including chinook, coho, sockeye, kokanee, steelhead, and coastal cutthroat trout.^[3] The King County government is currently working on restoring fish habitat along the river.^[4]

Several species of birds and mammals are plentiful along the river, including waterfowl such as Canada geese, ducks, and the great blue heron. Bald eagles and beavers are also common sights near the river.

Recreation

The Sammamish River Trail is a paved bicycle and walking trail that runs along the river, from Marymoor Park in Redmond, to Bothell, where it connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail to Seattle. The Slough is also the main geographical feature of Wayne Golf Course in Bothell.

See also

• List of rivers of Washington

References

1. "Water Resources Data-Washington Water Year 2005; Lake Washington Basins" (PDF). USGS. Retrieved 3 August 2009.
2. "The Sammamish Watershed." King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks. Retrieved on May 9, 2008.
3. "Known Freshwater Distribution of Salmon and Trout for WRIA 8 (Greater Lake Washington Watershed)." King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks. Retrieved on July 20, 2009.
4. "Willowmoor Reach Restoration." King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks. Retrieved on July 20, 2009.

External links

• Sammamish Watershed
• U.S. Geological Survey names query form