Samuel Wells Williams
Samuel Wells Williams | |
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S. Wells Williams | |
Born |
Utica, New York, USA | September 22, 1812
Died | February 16, 1884 71) | (aged
Occupation | linguist, missionary and Sinologist |
Samuel Wells Williams (衛三畏; 22 September 1812 - February 16, 1884) was a linguist, official, missionary and Sinologist from the United States in the early 19th century.
Biography
Williams was born in Utica, New York and studied at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. On graduation he was elected as a Professor of the Institute.
On the June 15, 1833, and still in his twenties, he sailed for China to take charge of the printing press of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions at Guangdong, China. In 1837 he sailed on the Morrison to Japan. Officially this trip was to return some stranded Japanese sailors, but it was also an unsuccessful attempt to open Japan to American trade.
On November 20, 1845 Williams married Sarah Walworth. From 1848 to 1851 Williams was the editor of The Chinese Repository, a leading Western journal published in China. In 1853 he was attached to Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry's expedition to Japan as an official interpreter.
In 1855, Williams was appointed Secretary of the United States Legation to China. During his stay in China, he wrote A Tonic Dictionary Of The Chinese Language In The Canton Dialect (英華分韻撮要) in 1856. After years of opposition from the Chinese government, Williams was instrumental in the negotiation of the Treaty of Tientsin, which provided for the toleration of both Chinese and foreign Christians.
In 1860, he was appointed chargé d'affaires for the United States in Beijing. He resigned his position on October 25, 1876, 43 years to the day that he first landed at Guangzhou in 1833. Around 1875, he completed a translation of the Book of Genesis and the Gospel of Matthew into Japanese, but the manuscripts were lost in a fire before they could be published.
He returned to the United States in 1877 and became the first Professor of Chinese language and literature in the United States at Yale University. Williams was nominated as president of the American Bible Society on February 3, 1881. He died on February 16, 1884.
Works
- Samuel Wells Williams (1844). English & Chinese vocabulary in the court dialect. Macao: Office of the Chinese Repository. p. 440.
- Samuel Wells Williams (2011). English and Chinese Vocabulary in the Court Dialect (reprint ed.). BiblioBazaar. p. 576. ISBN 1-246-13663-5.
- Samuel Wells Williams (1848). The Middle kingdom: a survey of the ... Chinese empire and its inhabitants ... 1 (3 ed.). New York: Wiley & Putnam.
- Samuel Wells Williams, John William Orr (1848). The middle kingdom: a survey of the geography, government, education, social life, arts, religion, etc. of the Chinese empire and its inhabitants, Volume 1. NEW YORK: Wiley and Putnam. Retrieved 2011-05-08.
- Williams, Samuel Wells (1883). The Middle Kingdom: a survey of the geography, government, literature, social life, arts, and history of the Chinese empire and its inhabitants, Volume 1 (revised ed.). W.H. Allen.
- Williams, Samuel Wells (1883). The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Literature, Social Life, Arts, and History of the Chinese Empire and Its Inhabitants, Volume 1 (revised ed.). Scribner's. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- Williams, Samuel Wells (1848). The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of The... Chinese Empire and Its Inhabitants, Volume 1. Volume 1 of The Middle kingdom: a survey of the geography, government, education, social life, arts, religion, &c., of the Chinese empire and its inhabitants. Wiley & Putnam. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- Samuel Wells Williams (1842). Easy lessons in Chinese: or progressive exercises to facilitate the study of that language. MACAO: Chinese Repository.
- Samuel Wells Williams (1889). A syllabic dictionary of the Chinese language: arranged according to the Wu-fang Yuen Yin, with the pronunciation of the characters as heard in Peking, Canton, Amoy, and Shanghai. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press. p. 1254. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
- Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Samuel Wells Williams (1842). The Chinese repository, Volume 11. Canton: Printed for the proprietors.
- Samuel Wells Williams (1856). C̳Ying c̳wá c̳fan wano̳ tsc̳üto̳ c̳iúo̳: A tonic dictionary of the Chinese language in the Canton dialect. Canton: The Chinese repository. p. 792.
- Samuel Wells Williams (1842). Easy lessons in Chinese: or progressive exercises to facilitate the study of that language: especially adapted to the Canton dialect. Macao: The Chinese Repository. p. 287.
- The Chinese commercial guide (1856)
- A Tonic Dictionary Of The Chinese Language In The Canton Dialect (1856)
- The Middle Kingdom: a survey of the geography, government, literature, social life, arts, and history of the Chinese empire and its inhabitants (New York; Scribner's 1882; first edition New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1848) 1900
- Account of a Japanese romance (1849)
- A syllabic dictionary of the Chinese language, arranged according to the Wu-fang yuan yin, with the pronunciation of the characters as heard in Peking, Canton, Amoy and Shanghai (1874)
- Syllabic Dictionary Of The Chinese Language (1879)
- Chinese Immigration (1879)
- A History Of China Being The Historical Chapters From "The Middle Kingdom" (1897)
- Samuel Wells Williams (1910). F W Williams, ed. A journal of the Perry expedition to Japan (1853-1854). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
- Narrative Of A Voyage Of The Ship Morrison Captain D. Ingersoll, To Lewchew And Japan, In The Months of July and August, 1837
Publications
References
- "God's China: The Middle Kingdom of Samuel Wells Williams," Ch 6 in John Rogers Haddad. The Romance of China : Excursions to China in U.S. Culture, 1776-1876. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008). ISBN 9780231130943 (cloth alk. paper) ISBN 9780231504041 (e-book).
- Frederick Wells Williams, The Life and Letters of Samuel Wells Williams, Ll.D., Missionary, Diplomatist, Sinologue (New York: G.P. Putnam's sons, 1889). vi, 490p. at Internet Archive (link).
- James Muhlenberg Bailey, "Obituary Samuel Wells Williams," Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York 16 (1884): 186-93.
- Biography of Samuel Wells Williams in The Far East, New Series, Volume 1, December 1876, pages 140-2.
- Biography with photo
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