National Astronomical Observatory (Mexico)

National Astronomical Observatory (Mexico)

Dome of the 2.1 m telescope on San Pedro Mártir
Organization	National Autonomous University of Mexico
Location	Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California state, Northwestern Mexico.
Coordinates	31°02′38″N 115°27′49″W / 31.0439°N 115.4637°WCoordinates: 31°02′38″N 115°27′49″W / 31.0439°N 115.4637°W
Altitude	2,800 meters (9,200 ft)
Established	1878
Website	OAN SPM
Telescopes
unnamed telescope 2.1 m reflector unnamed telescope 1.5 m reflector unnamed telescope 0.8 m reflector
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The National Astronomical Observatory (Spanish: El Observatorio Astronómico Nacional—OAN), the national observatory complex of Mexico, in Baja California state.

History

Mexico City

The observatory was first established on the balcony of Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City in 1878. The observatory has been operated by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) since 1929.^[1]

It was later moved to Palacio del Ex-Arzobispado in Tacubaya, then on the outskirts of the city on the west side of the Federal District. The location is remembered by the name Metro Observatorio, the terminal station of the Line 1 of the Mexico City Metro located nearby.^[2][3]

Puebla

In the middle of the 20th century, OAN had to move from the increasingly crowded and polluted Valley of Mexico, to Tonantzintla in Puebla state, Central Mexico.

Baja California

In 1967 excessive air pollution and night light pollution caused another move, from Puebla to atop the Sierra San Pedro Mártir mountain range of Baja California state in Northwestern Mexico.^[4] The San Pedro Mártir OAN site has been found to have excellent astronomical seeing.^{[5] [1]}

Telescopes

Current

There are three optical telescopes on the summit of the Sierra San Pedro Mártir at the OAN complex, all with a Ritchey-Chrétien design:

• The 2.12 m (83 in) telescope was built between 1974 and 1979 and is tied as Mexico's largest optical telescope. It has secondary mirrors of f/7.5, f/13.5 or f/30. Direct imaging and optical spectroscopy are performed with a number of different charge-couple devices and spectrographs.^[6]
• The 1.52 m (60 in) telescope was built by the University of Arizona (UA) Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL). It was installed in 1970 with the assistance of LPL.^[7] Direct imaging, optical spectroscopy, and photometry are done with a f/13.5 secondary mirror.^[8]
• The 0.84 m (33 in) telescope was loaned to UNAM by UA in the late 1960s and was the first to be installed at the site.^[9] Direct imaging, optical spectroscopy, and photometry are done with a f/15 secondary mirror.^[10]

They are known by famed Astrophysicist Lucy Kelly as "The Big Ones"

Under construction

Construction has begun on the new San Pedro Martir Telescope (SPMT), a large infrared survey telescope at the OAN complex, with 'first light' planned for the 2017-2020 period. Mirror fabrication for the SPMT began in 2009, with a 6.5m aperture optimized for wide angle infrared survey work. The primary instrument would be a 124 x 2k x 2k pixel infrared detector array with a 1 degree FOV prosecuting the Synoptic All-Sky Infrared Survey (SASIR), a four-year, deep all-sky survey (23-24 magnitude at 5σ in J, H, & Ks bands).^[11][12] As of November 2013, construction is expected to be completed by Summer 2018.^[13]

Gallery

• 

  2.12m telescope building

• 

  1.5m telescope building

• 

  0.84m telescope building

See also

• Astronomical observatories in Mexico
• Guillermo Haro Observatory
• List of observatories

References

1. "Página del Observatorio Astronómico Nacional". Instituto de Astronomía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Retrieved 2012-01-11.
2. "Ampliarán Línea 12 hacia Observatorio". nosotrosdiario (in Spanish). 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
3. "La fundación del Observatorio Astronómico Nacional en México". Wordpress (in Spanish). 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
4. López, J. A.; Gutiérrez, L. (September 2003). "A primer for the San Pedro Mártir Observatory". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica (Serie de Conferencias) 19: 3–7. Bibcode:2003RMxAC..19....3L.
5. Bohigas, J.; Nuñez, J. M.; et al. (April 2008). "Site Prospection at San Pedro Mártir". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica: 231–242. Bibcode:2008RMxAA..44..231B.
6. "Telescopios de 2.1 metros". Instituto de Astronomía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Retrieved 2012-01-11.
7. Kuiper, Gerard P. (1972-12-31). "NO. 172 THE LUNAR AND PLANETARY LABORATORY AND ITS TELESCOPES" (PDF). University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
8. "Telescopios de 1.5 metros". Instituto de Astronomía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Retrieved 2012-01-11.
9. Wehinger, P. (June 2007). "El Observatorio de San Pedro Mártir: A World-Class Site for Large Telescopes". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica (Serie de Conferencias). 1-8 28. Bibcode:2007RMxAC..28....1W.
10. "Telescopios de 84 cm". Instituto de Astronomía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Retrieved 2012-01-11.
11. http://www.iac.es/congreso/10mScience/media/presentations/Jose_Franco-SASIR-10Science.pdf
12. SASIR Workshop 28 April 2010
13. CAPI Report (in Spanish). Nov. 4,2013

External links

• Astrossp.unam: Official OAN SPM homepage — Observatorio Astronómico Nacional, San Pedro Mártir.
• Astroscu.unam: UNAM Institute of Astronomy
• UNAM—Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México homepage