San Pedro prison

Scene inside San Pedro Prison in La Paz, Bolivia, 2001

San Pedro prison or El penal de San Pedro (Saint Peter's Prison) is the largest prison in La Paz, Bolivia renowned for being a society within itself. Significantly different from most correctional facilities, inmates at San Pedro have jobs inside the community, buy or rent their accommodation, and often live with their families. The sale of cocaine base to visiting tourists gives those inside a significant income and an unusual amount of freedom within the prison walls. Elected leaders enforce the laws of the community, commonly through stabbing. The prison is home to approximately 1,500 inmates (not including the women and children that live inside the walls with their convicted husbands), with additional guests staying in the prison hotel.[1][2]

The book Marching Powder, written by Rusty Young and published in 2003, describes the experiences of the British inmate Thomas McFadden who became known for offering prison tours to tourists.

Prison layout

Scene inside San Pedro Prison in La Paz, Bolivia, 2001

The prison was originally designed to hold 250 inmates and now holds between 1,300 and 1,500. Inmates must purchase their own cells from other inmates because cells are not assigned by or run by any uniformed prison officials. The names of the housing section are Posta, Pinos, Alamos, San Martin, Prefectura, Palmar, Guanay and Cancha. Of those, Posta, Pinos, and Alamos are considered the higher end communities and act similar to gated communities. Each section has a rating that indicates its housing quality. Representatives of the higher end communities usually lock non-residents out around 9:00 p.m. The lower end communities are said to house the drug addicted inmates and are identified as the most dangerous at nighttime where most stabbings occur. Each section operates like a small village or neighborhood, with its own courtyard, restaurants, markets, and services.[3][4]

The wealthiest area, "La Posta", provides inmates with private bathrooms, a kitchen, and cable television; such cells are sold for around $1,500-1,800 Bolivianos. Wealthier inmates can buy luxury cells that may include three floors and a hot tub. One inmate paid for a second floor extension to be built on his cell, giving him views across the city. However, most of those inside the prison live in cramped conditions with it being common for single-room cells to accommodate five people.[2]

Almost all living sections contain market stalls and places to play games such as billiards, poker, chess, or, in some, video games. The canteen and restaurants are owned and run by the inmates, while other places sell ingredients for those with kitchens to cook for themselves.[1][2]

One of the larger open areas doubles as a small football pitch, with teams representing each sector regularly competing. Within the walls there is also a hotel for visiting guests, a hospital, and multiple churches.[1][2]

Section committees

There are eight democratically elected section committees. The committee in charge of each section manages it. They perform various maintenance duties like sidewalk repair and the painting of walls. A director sets an assessment charge for inmates and each committee is responsible for its own budget. Inmates who wish to be part of one of the committees must campaign. The various positions include representative, treasurer, discipline secretary, culture and education secretary, sports secretary, and health secretary. To be eligible for a position an inmate must have lived in the prison for more than six months, have an un-mortgaged cell and have no outstanding debt.Despite being fairly governed by inmates without guards, disciplinary secretaries are in charge of disciplinary actions to end disputes and punish those who don’t follow the rules. Section representatives also have the power to send inmates to isolation cells which resemble cells at a traditional prison with official prison guards who patrol the area and give the prisoners their meals. Prisoners in isolation are not allowed the same freedoms as those in the regular prison areas. Inmates who continue to misbehave after being in isolation can be transferred by request of a section representative to the maximum-security prison Chonchorro. The reception committee, made up of volunteer inmates, protects newcomers by greeting them when they enter the prison and advises them of the rules they should respect.[3][4]

Housing and real estate

When an inmate enters the prison they can either purchase a cell from the prison mayor or through a freelance real estate agent. The mayor charges around 50 percent more than the freelance agents and housing in the prison varies between $20 and $5,000 depending on the quality. Freelance agents who work on commission place advertisements in prison restaurants and bulletin boards. A nonrefundable fee of around 20 to 25 percent is charged when inmates purchase a cell. This fee covers community maintenance, administration, cleaning, renovating and occasional social events such as Prisoner’s Day. Prisoner’s Day occurs every September. Section leaders barbecue and hire a live band to come and play for the inmates. If a cell is available and the inmate pays his entrance fee, sections usually don’t deny an inmate however the more expensive sections sometime require a resident to recommend an applicant and some representative can expel residents for smoking cocaine. Each owner of a cell holds a title to the property that contains the room number, location, and a brief description, the name of the previous owner and the sale price. Inmates who have agreed on a price make copies of the title and give them to their section leader who watches as inmates sign a sale purchase contract and then verifies the transaction and stamps the contract with the sections official seal. A witness signs as well to verify the exchange. If an inmate cannot afford a cell they can rent a space from someone who owns multiple cells. Some sections will also allow a poor prisoner to stay in a small room if he works for the section. .[3][4]

Demographics

Children in San Pedro Prison

Aside from the 1,500 prisoners and the guards there are numerous others inside the prison walls. The wives and children of the inmates often stay inside the walls but are allowed to come and go as they please. Without the income of the husband they often cannot afford to live by themselves in the city. They will often provide an important link with the outside and can bring items into the prison that are sold on the market stalls or directly from cells. The 200 children are cared for in two nurseries inside the prison walls or are educated in nearby schools; they spend the rest of their time playing within the prison grounds.[1][2]

Many of the mothers of children who are imprisoned are located at the women's prison of Miraflores which is also in La Paz it houses over 400 children who come with their mothers when they too have no other choice. Conditions within Miraflores are similar to San Pedro in terms of inmate responsibility and rule making however Miraflores has more police security and is considered a high security prison.[5]

Around 80% of the inmates are serving sentences for drug-related offences, and around 75% of the total prisoner population are awaiting trial. There are on average four deaths every month inside the prison from natural causes or from violent attacks. The police rarely enter the prison.[1]

Unlike in many other countries, inmates here have the right to vote in the Bolivian national elections. Political candidates visit the prison to try to increase their support inside the community.[6]

Income

There are several sources of income for the prisoners and those who run the establishment. Embol, the Bolivian brewery who own the exclusivity rights to produce Coca-Cola in Bolivia, have a deal whereby their products are advertised and sold inside the prison and rival brands are banned. In return they provide cash, tables, chairs, and umbrellas for the grounds. Most prisoners have jobs such as messengers, hairdressers, and shopkeepers, with many profiting from the tourist trade. Many inside the prison work as tour guides or sell handmade crafts to the visitors, and tourism provides many of them with a source of income. There is also a gambling trade, with betting on the inter-section football matches being worth up to US$20,000 a year. Players are also sometimes bought and sold between teams.[1][2]

Cocaine is produced inside the compound with large laboratories producing a significant amount of the drug while other inmates utilise crude processing systems in their own cells. Consequently the amount of drug use and addiction around the prison is very high. The cocaine is then trafficked outside, meaning that the prison is a large supplier of the drug. Alcohol is also widely available and its sale is an important source of income for some of those inside the prison.[2]

Tourism

Although tourism in the prison of San Pedro is illegal, many entrants can gain access to a tour by bribing the guards who are placed to make sure that none of the prisoners who are in the prison come out. Those who wish to tour the prison must first be snuck in by someone who knows the way in from the outside. Tourist are taken into a room and their names are entered into a registry book along with their passport numbers. Guards then mark the tourist’s arms with a number that corresponds to their name in the book and that serves as their identification as tourist and allows them to exit the prison once the tour is over. The fee to enter the prison is around $57 US dollars or 400 boliviano and after being patted down by the guards entrants are told to make sure they leave before 6pm and not to take any pictures. Despite the perceived dangers and legal issues regarding the tours, the prison is estimated to have once had approximately 50 tours daily.[3][7][8] Tourism of the prison is conducted in many ways like tourism in any other place. Your host is usually a tour guide, someone with intensive knowledge of the history, layout, rules and regulation of the prison. Once inside the prison tourist are introduced to their tour guide and bodyguard and asked to register their information once again before the tour begins. Many people from around the globe have traveled to La Paz in order to visit one of the most interesting prisons in the world.[9]

Laws

Inside San Pedro prison the inmates have developed their own laws and rules.[1] Each sector annually elects a delegate (leader) and a financial secretary. There is little tolerance for those who have committed crimes against women or children and they are strongly disciplined by other inmates. Many are killed, and those who survive must pay for the services of the prison hospital.[10]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Estefania, Rafael. "Photo journal: Inside a Bolivian jail". BBC Mundo. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Young, Rusty (14 October 2003). "Bolivia - San Pedro Prison". ABC Online. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Skarbek, B.David "Self Governance in San Pedro Prison","The Independent Review", Volume 14, Number 4,Spring 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 Young, Rusty, and Thomas McFadden. 2003."Marching Powder: A True Story of Friendship,Cocaine, and South America’s Strangest Jail." New York: St. Martin’s Griffin.
  5. ↑ Spedding, A.L."Dreams of Leaving: Life in the Feminine Penitentiary Centre, Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia" Anthropology Today, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Apr., 1999), pp. 11-17
  6. ↑ McFadden, Thomas; Young, Rusty. Marching Powder: A True Story of Friendship, Cocaine, and South America's Strangest Jail. ISBN 0-312-33034-0.
  7. ↑
  8. ↑ Baker, Vicky. 2009. Prison Break. The Guardian,January 17.
  9. ↑ Gassaway, David. 2004. Inside San Pedro.Old Town Review(January)Available at: http:// www.fluxfactory.org/otr/gassawaysanpedro.htm
  10. ↑ Gassaway, David (January 2004). "Inside San Pedro". The Old Town Review. Archived from the original on October 25, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-19.

External links

Coordinates: 16°30′11″S 68°08′04″W / 16.50306°S 68.13444°W / -16.50306; -68.13444

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