Sandalj Hranić
Sandalj Hranić | |
---|---|
Grand Duke of Bosnia | |
Reign | 1392—1435 |
Predecessor | Vlatko Vuković |
Successor | Stjepan VukÄić KosaÄa |
Spouse(s) |
|
Born | 1370 |
Died | 15 March 1435 |
Sandalj Hranić KosaÄa (Cyrillic: Сандаљ Хранић КоÑача; 1370 – 15 March 1435) was a Bosnian[1] magnate who ruled the area between Neretva and Drina rivers in Bosnia with the title Grand Duke of Bosnia between 1392 and his death in 1435. He was married three times, but had no children. After his death, he was succeeded by his nephew Stjepan VukÄić KosaÄa.
Marriages and foreign policy

As the head of the House of KosaÄa, Sandalj Hranić succeeded his uncle Vlatko Vuković in 1392.
In 1403, RadiÄ Sanković led the attacks on Dubrovnik during the Bosnian-Ragusan War in the name of King Stephen Ostoja. Sandalj Hranić captured and blinded RadiÄ, and held him in prison until his death in 1404.[2] When King Ladislaus of Naples sold his rights to the kingdom of Dalmatia to the Republic of Venice and retreated from the Balkans in 1409, many local nobles allied themselves with Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund and accepted Stephen Ostoja as King of Bosnia. This seriously weakened the position of Hrvoje VukÄić Hrvatinić, whose niece Katarina was Sandalj's second wife. In such circumstances Sandalj also allied with Emperor Sigismund in mid 1411 and decided to establish closer connections with Sigismund's important ally Stefan Lazarević by marrying his widowed sister Jelena.[3] Sandalj divorced Katarina in December 1411 and married Jelena at the end of the same year.[4][5][6] This marriage had its important political consequences because Hranić, the most dangerous enemy of BalÅ¡a III, became his stepfather and protector.[7] With this marriage Hranić spoiled the relations with Hrvoje but strengthened traditionally close relations with Lazarević family.[8] Jelena went to live with her husband in Herzegovina and BalÅ¡a remained as the only governor of Zeta.[9] Although Jelena was ih her forties, Sandalj left a deposit in Dubrovnik for a son or daughter he hoped they would have.[10]

After 1419 Sandalj became the most powerful man in the Kingdom of Bosnia. After he took part in the conspiracy to kill Pavle Radenović in 1415, Hranić came in conflict with Pavlović family. In fighting against them, he allied with Ottoman Empire. In 1420 Ishak Bey organized unsuccessful campaign in Bosnia to support Sandalj's struggle against his enemies.[11]
At the beginning of February 1426 a special ceremony was dedicated to Duke Sandalj and Duchess Jelena in Dubrovnik, when they attended the feast of Saint Blaise, the city's patron saint.[12] Sandalj often had conflicts with King Stephen Tvrtko II, even refusing to attend his wedding to the Hungarian-born Dorothy Garai in 1428.
Sandalj died childless in 1435. He was succeeded by his nephew Stjepan VukÄić KosaÄa, son of his brother Vukac.
References
- ↑ Naimark, Norman M. Yugoslavia and Its Historians: Understanding the Balkan Wars of the 1990s. Stanford University Press. p. 56. ISBN 0804745943.
- ↑ Fine 1994, p. 456
- ↑ BeÅ¡ić 1970, p. 189: "Повлачење ЛадиÑлава ÐапуљÑког нагонило јебоÑанÑког краља и облаÑне гоÑподаре да Ñе приближе Жигмунду.Сандаљ Хранић је већ крајем љета 1411. год. био на његовојÑтрани. Садшм тим уÑпоÑтавио је најбоље одноÑе Ñа ÑрпÑким деÑ-потом Стефаном."
- ↑ Fine 1975, p. 233: "...Sandalj divorced Hrvoje's niece and shortly thereafter married Jelena..."
- ↑ Veselinović 2001, p. 96: "Њему Ñе прикључио 1411 и војвода Сандаљ Хранић. Крајем те иÑте године Балшина мајка Јелена Ñе преудала за војводу Сандаља."
- ↑ Spremić 2004, pp. 73–108: "...Јелена Ñе 1411. удала за боÑанÑког војводу Сандаља Хранића. Он је у децембру иÑте године напуÑтио Ñвоју прву жену Катарину..."
- ↑ Spremić 2004, pp. 73–108: "До тада најопаÑнији противник Балше III, поÑтао је његов очух и заштитник."
- ↑ Fine 1975, p. 467: "...This marital change reflected both Sandalj′s deteriorating relations with Hrvoje and his forging closer ties with Serbia. ... Good relations with KosaÄe and Stefan′s family were not new ..."
- ↑ Spremić 2004, pp. 73–108: "Када је пошла новом мужу, Јелена је имала четрдеÑетак година.... Јелениним одлаÑком у БоÑну, у Зети је оÑтао да влада Балша III, и даље веран идејама Ñвоје мајке"
- ↑ Spremić 2004, pp. 73–108: "Када је пошла новом мужу, Јелена је имала четрдеÑетак година....ОÑтављајући у мају 1413. поклад у Дубровнику, предвидео је да га може подићи ако за њим оÑтане "или Ñин или девојка које би имао Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑ‡ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð¼ гоÑпођом Јеленом", што показује да Ñе није иÑкључивала могућноÑÑ‚ да њих двоје имају деце."
- ↑ M. Bešić, Zarij (1970), Istorija Crne Gore / 2. Crna gora u doba oblasnih gospodara. (in Serbian), Titograd: Redakcija za istoiju Crne Gore, p. 123, OCLC 175122851,
Већ Ñљедеће године кренуо је ÑкопÑки намјеÑник ИÑхак у БоÑну да Ñатре Сандаљеве противнике, које је подржавао боÑанÑки краљ.Ðишта он није ни могао предузети против Сандаљевог паÑторкаи вјерног Ñултановог харачара Балше III.
- ↑ Spremić 2004, pp. 73–108: "Дубровчани Ñу, по поÑебном церемонијалу, приредили војводи Сандаљу и Јелени Ñвечани дочек првих дана фебруара 1426. године. Том приликом, Јелена је приÑуÑтвовала највећој ÑвечаноÑти у Дубровнику, проÑлави Светог Влаха"
Sources
- Fine, John Van Antwerp (December 1975), The Bosnian Church: a new interpretation : a study of the Bosnian Church and its place in state and society from the 13th to the 15th centuries, East European quarterly, ISBN 978-0-914710-03-5, retrieved 12 January 2013
- Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
- Veselinović, Andrija; RadoÅ¡ LjuÅ¡ić (2001), СрпÑке динаÑтије [Serbian Dynasty] (in Serbian), Belgrade, Novi Sad: Platoneum, ISBN 9788683639014, OCLC 50393016 Cite uses deprecated parameter
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(help) - Spremić, MomÄilo (2004), Ćulibrk, Jovan, ed., Crkvene prilike u Zeti u doba Nikona Jerusalimca (in Serbian), Cetinje, Belgrade: Svetigora, Publikum, pp. 73–108
Military offices | ||
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Preceded by Vlatko Vuković |
Grand Duke of Bosnia 1392–1435 |
Succeeded by Stjepan VukÄić |