Sasipada Banerji

Sasipada Banerji (1840–1924) was a social worker and leader of the Brahmo Samaj who is remembered as a champion of women's rights and education and as one of the earliest workers for labour welfare in India. He was the founder of several girls' schools, a widow's home, temperance societies, a workers' organisation and the editor of the journal Bharat Sramajibi.^[1]

Life and family

Sasipada Banerji was born in 1840 at Baranagar near Kolkata (then Calcutta). He married Rajkumari Devi, then a thirteen-year-old girl, in 1860 and taught her to read and write within a year. The couple had a son, Albion Rajkumar Banerji, who went on to become a member of the Indian Civil Service and served as Diwan of Cochin. Rajkumari died in 1876 and Sasipada remarried the following year.^[2]

Brahmo leader

Banerji became involved in the social reform movement in Bengal through the Brahmo Samaj which he joined in 1861. Banerji was an advocate of women's rights and education. He promoted the establishment of schools to train women teachers, organised several widow remarriages and established a Widows' Home at Baranagar in 1887. He founded girls' schools in 1865 and 1871 and later established an institute for their higher education.^[3] Banerji is credited with founding the first women's journal in Bengali which was headed by his two daughters and run exclusively by a team of women.^[4]

Temperance movement and visit to England

Banerji was a member of the Temperance movement in India and was a close associate of Mary Carpenter whom he first met during her visit to India in 1866.^[5] On her invitation, Sasipada and Rajkumari paid a return visit to England in 1871. His decision to visit England was met with approbation in Bengal (as it would involve them crossing the oceans, an act that would lead to the Banerjis' loss of caste) and Banerji and Rajkumari were stoned when they paid a visit to his ancestral home before leaving for Britain. The Asiatic of London declared in 1872 that Rajkumari was "the first Hindu lady who has ever visited England". The couple had their first-born child, a son, while in England whom they name Albion.^[6]

During the visit, Sasipada spoke at several meetings of the National Temperance League.^[7] At one such meeting, he accused British rule of introducing the hitherto alien vice of intemperance to Hindu society.^[8] He also met and was received by a large number of common people and dignitaries including the Secretary of State for India during this visit.^[6] In England he became a member of the Good Templars Body and also of the Order of the Day Star Lodge and attended meetings of the National Indian Association and helped establish its branches in other British cities.^[2]

Labour Movement

Sasipada Banerji was among the earliest Indians to work for the rights of the labour class in India, the Working Men's Club he established in 1870 has been described as the first labour organisation in Kolkata.^[9] The Brahmo Samaj established a Working Men's Mission in 1878 and established several schools for working men and the depressed classes and Banerji founded the Baranagar Institute the same year.^[10] In 1870 he founded the workers' organisation Sramajivi Samiti and established the newspaper Bharat Sramajivi.^[11] The Bharat Sramajivi was the first Indian journal of the working class and its circulation peaked at 15,000 copies a remarkable number for its time.^[12] Banerji's contributions to the welfare and upliftment of the working class have however been criticised by Sumit Sarkar of being little more than 19th century middle class interest in industrial and plantation labour and of not going beyond the realm of philanthropy.^[13] Others like Dipesh Chakrabarty have argued that Banerji's efforts aimed to create an "ideal working class imbued with bhadralok values" and to create "not only orderly but also noiseless Bengalis for the jute mills".^[14]

Books

Sasipada's memoir An Indian pathfinder was compiled by his son Albion and published in 1924.^[15] A modern saint of India: A sketch of the religious life of Sevabrata Brahmarshi Sasipada Banerjee is a biography by Satindranath Roy Choudhary.^[16]

References

1. Kumar, Raj (New Delhi). Essays on Social Reform Movements. 2004: Discovery Publishers. p. 291. ISBN 9788171417926. Check date values in: |date= (help)
2. "Sasipada Banerji". The Open University. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
3. Srivastava, Gouri (2000). Women's Higher Education in the 19th Century. New Delhi: Concept Publishers. p. 61. ISBN 9788170228233.
4. Srivastava, Gouri (2000). Women's Higher Education in the 19th Century. New Delhi: Concept Publishers. p. 63. ISBN 9788170228233.
5. "Mary Carpenter". The Open University. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
6. Burton, Antoinette (1998). At the Heart of the Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 51–52.
7. Rae, John Turner (1917). The Temperance Record. pp. 369, 387.
8. Maunder, George (1870). The Methodist Temperance Magazine. London: Elliot Stock. p. 266.
9. "Chapter 28 – Labour Movement" (PDF). Retrieved 22 March 2013.
10. Kumar, Arun (2003). Industrial Law. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers. p. 387. ISBN 9788126901999.
11. Knapp, Stephen (2009). Crimes Against India: And the Need to Protect Its Ancient Vedic Tradition. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse. p. 107. ISBN 9781440111594.
12. Das, Sisir Kumar (2005). A History of Indian Literature: 1800–1910, Western impact : Indian response. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 171. ISBN 9788172010065.
13. Sarkar, Sumit. "'Popular' Movements and 'middle Class' Leadership in Late Colonial India: Perspectives and Problems of a 'history from Below'" (PDF). Retrieved 22 March 2013.
14. Chakrabarti, Bidyut (1990). Subhas Chandra Bose and Middle Class Radicalism: A Study in Indian Nationalism 1928–1940. London: I B Tauris & Co. pp. 98–99. ISBN 9781850431497.
15. An Indian pathfinder: being the memoirs of Sevabrata Sasipada Banerji, 1840–1924. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
16. "A modern saint of India: A sketch of the religious life of Sevabrata Brahmarshi Sasipada Banerjee". Retrieved 22 March 2013.