Shahab al-Din Mar'ashi Najafi
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abul Ma'ali Shahab ad-Din Muhammad Hussain Mar'ashi Najafi (July 1, 1897 - August 31, 1990) (Arabic: اية الله العظمى السيد شهابالدين الحسينى المرعش) was an Iraqi born Marja-i Taqleed. A prominent jurisprudent and Islamic scholar, he was also the founder of the Grand Library of Mar'ashi Najafi in Qom, Iran. He is widely credited within the Shia world for having selflessly salvaged many thousands of rare, near destroyed or lost Islamic books an manuscripts.
Today, this library contains the largest collection of Shia manuscripts in the world.[1]
Education
Sayyed Najafi began his education under the auspices of his father. His earliest endeavour was to master tajweed and to learn the doctrines of tafsir which had been taught to him by his father, as well as Mirza Aboll Hassan Meshkini, Sheikh Mohammad Hossein Shirazi, Sayid Hab Al-Din Shahrestani and Sayid Ibrahim Shafei Rafaei Baghdadi.[2] Sayyed Najafi was formally educated in the hawza of Najaf, and also spent three years studying in the Iraqi cities of Samarra and Kadhimiya; two important centres of Shia learning.[2] He excelled in areas of fiqh, `ilm al-rijal, 'aql, and kalam. Sayyed Najafi received ijazahs from numerous scholars, among them the female religious leader Banu Amin. [3]
Teaching
Upon attaining the level of ijtihad in 1925, Sayyed Najafi travelled to Qom, Iran, at the request of Grand Ayatollah Hajj Sheikh Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi, one of the most important revivalists of the Qom hawza. He would stay and teach in the city of Qom until his death. He led the prayers in the shrine of Fatemah Mæ'sume for over half a century.[4] Among those that visited the Sayid during his life in Qom include Rashid Ridha, Henry Corbin, and the Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore.[2]
Manuscript collection and library
Whilst studying in Najaf, Sayid Najafi became growingly concerned with the immense wealth of Islamic knowledge that was being lost in the displacement and destruction of Shia texts. He took it upon himself to purchase as many rare books and manuscripts that he could on his modest clerical stipend in order to preserve them. When his stipend was exhausted, he took a job at a rice cleaning factory in Najaf,[5] performed Qada prayers and fasts on behalf of others, and ate only one meal a day in order to raise enough money to purchase these books.[6]
Sayid Najafi continued to collect these rare Shia manuscripts once he migrated to Iran. In 1965, he presented 278 rare manuscripts in Arabic and Persian to the University of Tehran College of Theology and Divinity.[7] He would continue to donate many of these books to libraries across Iran.
In 1965, he was able to found the Marashiyah Islamic Seminary in Qom, where he allocated a number of rooms for the purpose of housing these books. It was not long before these rooms were formally designated as a library.
The large number of visitors to this library soon required that it be expanded. For this purpose, 1,000 square feet (93 m2) of adjoining land was purchased in order to expand the existing library in 1970.[7]
In 1974, the reference section of this library was inaugurated. 1,600 rare Shia manuscripts were added to this collection, which was followed by a further 500 manuscripts that were donated to the library's treasury.[7]
In 1989, the supreme guide of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Grand Ayatollah Sayid Mostafavi Mousavi Ruhollah Khomeini issued a decree ordering that the library be built an extension of 16,000 square feet (1,500 m2). At present both the old and the new buildings of the grand library occupies a total area of 21,000 sq. meters.[7] Sayid Najafi laid the first stone of the foundation of the new library.
Death and will
Sayid Najafi did not live to see the completion of the library: weeks after laying the first stone he died of a heart attack.
In his last will and testament he gave his son detailed advice on religious observances and study, good relations with close relatives, mercy to the poor and needy, and not wasting his time. He gave instructions regarding his own burial and grave, and enjoined his son if possible to use some of his wealth as Radd al-Madhaalim (money given to the poor as payment of possible unknown debts) on his father's behalf, in case he had any dues outstanding.[6]
References
- ↑ http://www.al-shia.org/html/eng/lib/lib-najafi_h.htm
- 1 2 3
- ↑ See Mirjam Künkler and Roja Fazaeli, ‘The Life of Two Mujtahidas: Female Religious Authority in 20th Century Iran’, in Women, Leadership and Mosques: Changes in Contemporary Islamic Authority, ed. Masooda Bano and Hilary Kalmbach (Brill Publishers, 2012), 127-160.
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.tebyan.net/islam_features/islamic_world/muslim_scientists_and_thinkers/2011/1/19/152739.html?pid=152739
- 1 2 http://www.islamicinsights.com/religion/history/ayatollah-mar-ashi-najafi.html
- 1 2 3 4 http://www.islam-laws.com/articles/The%20Grand%20Library%20of%20Ayatullah%20al-Uzma%20Marashi%20Najafi(R.A.).htm