Scindia

Maratha clan
Scindia/Shinde
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Surname Scindia/Shinde (alternately Shinde,Sendrak)
Caste Kunbi
Lineage Claimed (Serpent or Sheshvanshi Branch)
Heraldic Title: Prabhakarvarma.
Religion: Hinduism
Original kingdom Ranathambore and Pattadakal
Other kingdoms Gwalior, Ujjain, Badami.
Capitals Satara Villages.
Colour Red.
Nishan Serpent on flagpole.
Clan god Jyotiba ( Mahadev ).
Clan goddess Tulja-Bhavani (Tuljapur,Maharashtra) Kalika, Mahagauri, Ramvardayini.
Guru Kaundinya.
Gotra Kaundinya
Veda Rigveda.
Mantra Yajurveda - Madhyandin, Gayatri Mantra..
Prawar Angiras, Brihaspati and Kaundinya.
Victory Weapon Sword
Guhyasutra Paraska
Locations Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Goa
Languages Marathi, Gujarati, Hindi, Sanskrit.

Scindia/Shinde (anglicized from Shinde and also spelled as Scindhia, Sindhia, Sindia) is a Hindu Maratha clan[1] from Maharashtra. This clan included rulers of the Gwalior State which was a part of the Maratha Confederacy in the 18th and 19th centuries, collaborators of the colonial British government during the 19th and the 20th centuries until India became independent, as well as politicians in independent India. The Scindhias from Gwalior are originally from Kunbi caste.

History

The Maharahaj of Gwalior Before His Palace

The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Scindia, who was the son of Jankojirao Scindia, the Deshmukh of Kanherkhed, a village in Satara District, Maharashtra. Peshwa Baji Rao's career saw the strengthening of the Maratha Empire. Ranoji was in charge of the Maratha conquests in Malwa in 1726. Ranoji established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. His successors included Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao, Jankojirao, Mahadji Shinde and Daulatrao Scindia. The Scindhia state of Gwalior became a major regional power in the latter half of the 18th century and figured prominently in the three Anglo-Maratha Wars. They held sway over many of the Rajput states, and conquered north India.

After the defeat of the allied Maratha states by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1818, Daulatrao Scindia was forced to accept local autonomy as a princely state within British India and to give up Ajmer to the British. After the death of Daulatrao, Maharani Baiza Bai ruled the empire, saving it from the British power, till the adopted child Jankoji Rao took over the charge. Jankoji died in 1843, and his widow Tarabai Raje scindia successfully maintained the position and adopted a child from close lineage named Jayajirao.

The Scindia family ruled Gwalior until India's independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, when the Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia acceded to the Government of India. Gwalior was merged with a number of other princely states to become the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat. George Jivajirao served as the state's rajpramukh, or appointed governor, from 28 May 1948 to 31 October 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh.

In 1962, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia, the widow of Maharaja Jiwajirao, was elected to the Lok Sabha, beginning the family's career in electoral politics. She was first a member of the Congress Party, and later became an influential member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Her son Madhavrao Scindia was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Congress Party, and served until his death in 2001. His son, Jyotiraditya Scindia, also in the Congress Party, was elected to the seat formerly held by his father in 2004.

Vijayaraje's daughters have supported the Bharatiya Janata Party. Vasundhara Raje Scindia contested and won five parliamentary elections from Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Under the Vajpayee government from 1998 onwards, Vasundhara was in charge of several different ministries. In 2003 she led the Bharatiya Janata Party to its largest majority in Rajasthan, and became the state's Chief Minister. In 2013 again, she led Bharatiya Janata Party to a thumpin win in the state of Rajasthan, winning over 160 out of the 200 seats in the assembly elections. Her other daughter, Yashodhara Raje Scindia, contested assembly elections from Shivpuri in Madhya Pradesh and won in 1998, 2003 and 2013 and also lokshabha 2004,2009 from gwalior. Upon the BJP's win in the state, she became the state's Minister for Tourism, Sports and Youth Affairs. Vasundhara's son Dushyant Singh entered the Lok Sabha in 2004 from Rajasthan.

Origins

Jai Vilas Mahal, the current residence of the Scindia family.
H. H. Maharaja Jayaji Rao Scindia (Shinde), the Maharaja of Gwalior, who built the Jai Vilas Mahal.

The Scindia served the Peshwa(Prime minister of Chhtrapati Maharaj of Satara), and were also Shiledars under the sultanates of the Deccan.[2]

Titles

In the course of their military service, the Shinde were bestowed numerous titles by the British Empire, which grew more elaborate with the passage of time:

Shinde Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior

Mahadaji Scindia

Shinde Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior

References

    1. ↑ Ramusack, Barbara N. (2004). The Indian Princes and their States. The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN 9781139449083.
    2. ↑ Richard M. Eaton (19 December 2005). A social history of the Deccan, 1300-1761: eight Indian lives. Cambridge University Press. pp. 188–. ISBN 978-0-521-25484-7. Retrieved 16 July 2011.

    Further reading

    External links

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