156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade

Scottish Rifles Brigade
156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade
156th Infantry Brigade

52nd Division insignia, Second World War
Active 1908-1919
1920–1947[1]
Country  United Kingdom
Branch Territorial Army
Type Infantry
Role Infantry, Mountain, Air Landing
Size Brigade
Part of 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division

The 156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade was an infantry brigade formation of the British Army. The brigade saw active service in both World War I and World War II with the 52nd (Lowland) Division. In the First World War the brigade served in the Middle East for most of the war until being sent to the Western Front after the German Army launched their Spring Offensive. During the Second World War it served in France shortly after the Dunkirk evacuation as part of the Second BEF during Operation Ariel, and later in North-western Europe from October 1944 to May 1945.

History

Formation

The brigade was first raised, as the Scottish Rifles Brigade, in 1908 when the Territorial Force was created, which was formed by amalgamation of the Yeomanry and the Volunteer Force. The brigade was assigned to the Lowland Division, one of thirteen others to form the peacetime Territorial Force. The brigade consisted of four Volunteer battalions of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th.

First World War

The Lowland Division was mobilised for full-time war service in early August 1914, and most of the men, when asked, volunteered for overseas service. From November 1914 to March 1915, many units of the division were posted elsewhere, mainly to reinforce the Regular Army divisions of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front, most of which had suffered heavy casualties. The 5th and 6th battalions of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) were sent to the Western Front and replaced by the 4th and 7th battalions of the Royal Scots.

In May 1915[2] the division was numbered as the 52nd (Lowland) Division and the brigades were also numbered, the Scottish Rifles Brigade becoming 156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade and the battalions were redesignated, becoming '1/7th Royal Scots', to distinguish them from their 2nd Line units being formed in the 195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade, part of the 65th (2nd Lowland) Division.

During the war the brigade served with the division in the Middle Eastern theatre, fighting in 1917 in the Battle of Romani, the First Battle of Gaza, Second Battle of Gaza and Third Battle of Gaza during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and, in 1918, served on the Western Front, fighting in the Hundred Days Offensive.

Order of battle First World War

Between the wars

After the war the brigade and division were disbanded as was the whole of the Territorial Force. The Territorial Force was reformed in the 1920s as the Territorial Army and the 52nd Division was reconstituted as was the brigade which was redesignated as the 156th (Scottish Rifles) Infantry Brigade with the same unit it had pre-war.[4]

In 1921, the 5th and 8th battalions of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) were amalgamated as the 5th/8th Battalion[5] and were replaced by the 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers from the 155th (East Scottish) Infantry Brigade. Shortly after, the brigade was redesignated the 156th (West Scottish) Infantry Brigade.

In the late 1930s many of the Territorial Army's infantry battalions were converted into other roles, mainly anti-aircraft and searchlight units. In late 1938, all British infantry brigades were reduced from four to three battalions and the 5th/8th Cameronians was chosen to be converted and became 5th/8th Battalion, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (56th Searchlight Regiment).[6] In 1939 the brigade was redesignated 156th Infantry Brigade.

Second World War

During the Second World War, the brigade served with the division during Operation Ariel in 1940 in France to cover the withdrawal of troops of the British Expeditionary Force which was being evacuated from France. From May 1942 to June 1944 the division was trained in mountain warfare yet were never used in the role. They were then trained in airlanding operations but were again never utilised in this role either, due mainly to the disastrous events that occurred during the Battle of Arnhem where the 1st Airborne Division was virtually destroyed. In October 1944 the 52nd Division was sent to Belgium to join the 21st Army Group and were attached to the First Canadian Army and fought in the Battle of the Scheldt where the 52nd Division gained an excellent reputation. The 156th Infantry Brigade, with the 52nd, took part in Operation Blackcock in 1945 and ended the war by the River Elbe. During Blackcock, Fusilier Dennis Donnini of the 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. At age 19, he was the youngest British or Commonwealth soldier to be awarded the VC during the Second World War.

Order of battle

156th Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:[7]

Commanders

The following officers commanded 156 Brigade during the war:[7]

Victoria Cross recipients

References

  1. ↑ "52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division (1944–45)" (PDF). British Military History. 14 December 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  2. ↑ Thompson, R. R. (1923). 52nd Lowland Division 1914-1918. Barbarossa Books. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  3. ↑ Baker, Chris. "The 52nd (Lowland) Division of the British Army in 1914-1918". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  4. ↑ "52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division (1930–38)" (PDF). British Military History. 13 December 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  5. ↑ "8th Battalion, The Cameronians [UK]". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 30 December 2005. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  6. ↑ "5th Battalion, The Cameronians [UK]". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 30 December 2005. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  7. 1 2 Joslen (1960), p. 344.

Bibliography

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