Screening cultures

Screening culture is a type a medical test that is done to find an infection. Screening cultures are often performed to find infections that do not have signs and symptoms.

Types of screening cultures

Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease comes from an intrauterine infection of the fetus from the spread of Group B Streptococcus from the vagina of a colonized woman who is typically asymptomatic. Medical studies show that prenatal screening cultures reduce the incidence of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease. Studies of single institutions or health maintenance organizations show institutions with a culture-based screening policy have close to 90% of delivering women with documented GBS screening, and close to 90% of GBS-positive women received intrapartum antibiotics. Cost-effectiveness analyses of the screening- and risk-based strategies have indicated that although the initial costs associated with specimen collection and processing make the screening strategy more expensive than the risk-based approach, the overall cost savings due to disease prevention do not differ importantly between strategies.

Intensive care units of major hospitals routinely provide nasal, groin or axilla swabs for screening of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)or Multi-resistant organisms (MRO).

References

1. ^ Hafner E, Sterniste W, Rosen A, et al. Group B streptococci during pregnancy: a comparison of two screening and treatment protocols. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998; 179:677--81.
2. ^ Antimicrobial prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis: estimates of risk reduction based on a critical literature review Benitz WE, Gould JB, Druzin ML. Pediatrics 1999;103:e78.

External links

Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease Revised Guidelines from CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report August 16, 2002. 51(RR11);1-22.

Intensive care medicine

General terms

Conditions

Organ system failure	Shock sequence SIRS Sepsis Severe sepsis Septic shock Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Other shock Cardiogenic shock Distributive shock Anaphylaxis Obstructive shock Neurogenic shock Spinal shock Organ failure Acute renal failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute liver failure Respiratory failure Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Neonatal infection Polytrauma Coma

Complications	Critical illness polyneuropathy / myopathy Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency Decubitus ulcers Fungemia Stress hyperglycemia Stress ulcer

Iatrogenesis	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Oxygen toxicity Refeeding syndrome Ventilator-associated lung injury Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Diagnosis

Life supporting treatments

Drugs

ICU scoring systems

Physiology

Organisations

Related specialties

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